Smart Grids Super Grids Myth or Reality by

Smart Grids, Super Grids Myth or Reality ? by André MERLIN President CIGRE & MEDGRID President Supervisory Board RTE & ERDF Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 1

Contents Ø New requirements of power systems within the European Energy Policy Ø Smart Grids and Super Grids : stakes and applications in transmission and distribution systems Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 2

Electricity will play a more and more important role to meet the three main objectives of the European Energy Policy Ø To increase the security of supply; Ø To reduce CO 2 emissions; Ø To control energy costs. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 3

Ø On the demand side, electricity provides high level energy efficiency ; Ø On the supply side, it provides for the development of low carbon energy sources (from nuclear, hydraulic, wind, solar, geothermal). Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 4

Electricity production in the EU Member States in 2005 TWh 54, 6 % 45, 4 % Coal Oil Gas Others Nuclear Hydro Renewables Total Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 940 139 694 40 28, 4 % 4, 2 % 21, 0 % 1, 2 % 998 341 157 30, 2 % 10, 4 % 4, 8 % 3309 5

Power generation for EU-27 by 2020 Ø 2/3 of the production from low carbon sources; Ø 1/3 nuclear; Ø 1/3 renewable sources (including hydraulic) of which 13 % wind energy (1. 9% in 2005). Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 6

13% wind energy in the electricity mix in 2020 implies a production of 500 TWh out of a total of 4 000 TWh In order to produce such a quantity, 200 to 250 GW wind farms out of a total of 1000 GW power plants, must be installed and connected to the European power system. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 7

Looking ahead to 2050 When CO 2 capture and sequestration (CCS) technology is industrially available, it will be possible to design a European power system with nearly no CO 2 emissions. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 8

SUCH A RADICAL CHANGE IN THE MIX OF POWER GENERATION WILL REQUIRE A GREAT EVOLUTION OF THE GRIDS. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 9

Why such a change ? Ø To allow for the large integration of intermittent renewable energies ; Ø To increase the security of supply by mutual back up between the power systems of the Member States of the EU and with the neighbouring interconnected regions; Ø To reach a wider integration of the electricity markets. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 10

What does this mean for the future of the grids ? Ø Stonger interconnections within the European system ; Ø An extension of these interconnections beyond the present limits (to the South around across the Mediterranean Sea and with the Russian electricity system UPS/IPS) ; Ø A more efficient operation of the electricity systems and particularly the distribution networks to face the growing complexity of systems management. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 11

Two major strategies for future electricity systems Ø More powerful networks (Super Grids) Ø More intelligent networks (Smart Grids) Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 12

Super Grids 4 priorities for the development of the electricity transmission system of the EU * Ø An interconnection plan for Baltic networks with the European electricity network; Ø A Euro-mediterrannean interconnection plan (MEDGRID) ; Ø A Centre - South - East Europe interconnection plan; Ø An interconnection plan for an offshore submarine network in the Baltic and North Sea. * Second EU strategic energy review by the European Commission (November 2008) Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 13

Medgrid, an industrial initiative for electricity exchange in the mediterranean basin 7 4 8 12 2 5 1 15 3 14 6 16 9 10 11 13 Development Plan or in Under study Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session construction 16 - 19 of May 2011 Perspective 14

15 Medgrid Partners Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011

Submarine grid for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea By 2020, connect 25 GW of wind farms and hydraulic plants to the National AC systems in a first phase and benefit from trading opportunities. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 16

Smart Grids Transmission networks: 2 major achievements Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 17

Regional study centre for coordinated operation of the system, Coreso is a partnership of RTE, Elia, National Grid, Terna and 50 Herz which aims to evaluate the safety of the Western system, to inform and to alert the National dispatchings. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 18

CECRE (Red Electrica) : First control room for renewable energies Provides for maximum integration of renewable sources within the electricity system in the safest conditions. Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 19

Smart Grids : Distribution Networks Ø The opening of electricity markets has led to the development of the smart meter which is the cornerstone of Smart Grids in the distribution network. The European Commission targets 80% of smart meters in 2020*. ØThe network is changing from passive to active through the development of decentralized power generation from wind or solar installations and its structure and operation must be quickly adapted. (*) Art. 3, annexe 1 of the internal electricity market Directive of the 13 July 2009 Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 20

The « communicating meter » : the lever of modernisation for the management of ERDF distribution networks • Improve the knowledge of the network by having data more precise and updated real time ; • Better charge of the customers consumption; • Allow demand side management to reduce energy consumption Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 21

Plan chosen by ERDF Linky Substation "Concentrator " GPRS Central Information System Automation MV network PLC Customers Local LV network Suppliers Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of May 2011 22