Smart Energy Profile Distributed Energy Resources Tom Herbst
Smart Energy Profile Distributed Energy Resources Tom Herbst
Smart Energy Profile • Utility Protocol/Home Device • Home Area Network (HAN) • Has traditionally been developed in Zig. Bee Alliance SEP NAN
Smart Energy Profile • Residential/Small Business • US, Canada, UK, Australia • Other Solutions – Germany – Wireless Mbus – Proprietary – Zwave – Open. ADR • C&I Focused – 61850 • Electrical Substations
Smart Energy Profile • Real time Power consumption info to home resident • Demand Response Load Shed requests – Thermostats (A/C or Electric Heat) – Electric Water Heaters – Pool Pumps • Price information – Electricity per kilowatt hour (TOU, Dynamic) • Display with any or all of this
Smart Energy Profile • 1. 0/1. 1 – 802. 15. 4 (2. 4 ghz) Zig. Bee Specific – Zig. Bee Pro, Zig. Bee Cluster Libraries • 2. 0 – mac/phy agnostic – IPv 6, TLS, HTTP, XML, m-DNS, RESTful • Potentially DTLS, Co. AP, investigating EXI encoding • Data elements defined in IEC TC 57 - CIM – Home. Plug & WIFI Alliances • CSEP
Distributed Energy Resources • Solar • Storage - Battery • Co. Gen – Fuel Cell – Internal Combustion
Utility Solar Generation
Large Scale Solar • Requires distribution system study – May require system upgrades • Requires dedicated realtime monitoring and control • SCADA system – part of Distribution Automation – to a control console – 61850 – DNP 3
Residential Solar – SEP 2. 0
Utility Issues with DER • No visibility to generation (Kw or Volts) by DER systems • Intermittent generation can introduce power grid instability – especially solar and wind • Impact of changing Inverter parameters unknown
No Visibility to Generation • Need to provide “spinning reserve” when generation goes off line • Over voltage issues in high penetration neighborhoods – Inverters falling off – 1547 over voltage
Metering • How much is being produced, when? • Revenue Grade – Power Purchase Agreements – Renewables Credits • Non-revenue grade – Useful for utility operations staff • Same structure as utility meter information – Common Display device
DER Status • Generator/Inverter - server • ESI (utility meter) is a client • Detailed information about the configuration and state of the DER system – DC power – Temperatures • Much of the same info as in Sun. Spec – Could be used for monitoring
Utility Issues – Intermittent Generation • VAR Support – may reduce voltage flux • Watt Curtailment may reduce impact of instability • Low Voltage ride through may prevent domino effect • EPRI – Common Functions for Smart Inverters
DER Control • • ESI - server/Inverter - Client Perform Disconnect/Reconnect Perform Watt Curtailment Set low voltage ride through Define volt/var curves Instantiate volt/var curves Some functions are randomized to avoid synchronized effects
Price • Tiered/Block, TOU • Feed-in Tariff • Could be used to dispatch Co. Gen or storage discharge
Why communications? • We don’t yet which combinations of parameters or settings will resolve the issues • Needs to be custom and changeable
FERC/ISO/PUC • Utilities have an obligation to run a well managed grid – Must maintain delta between generation and load • Cal ISO $250 M in fines for 2002/$11 M PG&E • Discussions of requiring storage • Utilities are not required to accept interconnect
- Slides: 18