Smart Dust Kris Pister Prof EECS UC Berkeley

Smart Dust Kris Pister Prof. EECS, UC Berkeley Co-Director, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center Founder & Chief Technologist, Dust Networks

Outline • Background – Berkeley Research – Market Requirements – Current Status • Startup Related – People – Funding – Advisors – Standards

UC Berkeley, 1997 Autonomous Microsensor Networks with Optical Communication Links • • • PI: Kris Pister Source: Hughes (MICRO) Funding: $25 k, $10 k matching, 0% ovhd, Duration: 1 year Comments: Collaboration w/ Prof. Joe Kahn under separate MICRO

UC Berkeley, 2000 COTS Dust GOAL: • Get our feet wet RESULT: • Cheap, easy, off-the-shelf RF systems • Fantastic interest in cheap, easy, RF: – – Industry Berkeley Wireless Research Center for the Built Environment (IUCRC) PC Enabled Toys (Intel) • Fantastic RF problems • Optical proof of concept

Berkeley Demos – 2001 Motes dropped from UAV, detect vehicles, log and report direction Intel Developers Forum, live demo 800 motes, 8 level dynamic network, and velocity Seismic testing demo: real-time data acquisition, $200 vs. $5, 000 per node vs. 50 temperature sensors for HVAC deployed in 3 hours. $100 vs. $800 per node.

Mote on a Chip? (circa 2001) • Goals: – Standard CMOS – Low power – Minmal external components antenna Temp u. P SRAM Amp ADC Radio ~2 mm^2 ASIC battery inductor crystal

UCB Hardware Results ~2003 • 2 chips fabbed in 0. 25 um CMOS – “Mote on a chip” worked, TX only – 900 MHz transceiver worked • Records set for low power CMOS – ADC, Mike Scott, M. S. • 8 bits, 100 k. S/s • 2 u. A@1 V – Microprocessor, Brett Warneke, Ph. D. • 8 bits, 1 MIP • 10 u. A@1 V – 900 MHz radio – Al Molnar M. S. • 100 kbps, “bits in, bits out” • 20 m indoors • 0. 4 m. A @ 3 V

Sensor Networks Take Off! Industry Analysts Take Off! $8. 1 B market for Wireless Sensor Networks in 2007 Source: In. Stat/MDR 11/2003 (Wireless); Wireless Data Research Group 2003; In. Stat/MDR 7/2004 (Handsets)

Low Data Rate WPAN Applications Zigbee 2006 2004 Pro security HVAC AMR lighting control access control asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt BUILDING AUTOMATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS PC & PERIPHERALS INDUSTRIAL CONTROL patient monitoring fitness monitoring TV VCR DVD/CD remote PERSONAL HEALTH CARE RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL mouse keyboard joystick security HVAC lighting control access control lawn & garden irrigation

Barriers to Adoption On. World, 2005

Dust Networks • Founded July 2002 • Focused on reliability, power consumption • Developed TSMP – Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol – >99. 9% reliability – Lowest power per delivered packet

Dust sells reliable low-power network solutions to OEMs 2006 HART demo participants – – ü – ü – – – ABB Elpro Emerson Endress & Hauser Honeywell MACTek Pepperl & Fuchs Phoenix Contact Siemens Smar Yokogawa Wireless HART, ISA Expo, Oct. 2006

Dave Farr, CEO, Emerson, Investor Conference Feb. 2008

Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring - GE

Parking Monitoring – Streetline Networks Real-time monitoring of parking for: Increased enforcement Dynamic pricing Real-time vacancy location services Wireless sensor node

Reliable Performance in Harsh Environments • • • Steel mills Breweries! Chemical processing Food production Urban Pavement Rail cars Power plants Pharmaceutical manufacturing Desert fences Northern coal facilities Oil and gas production & refining … These and other factors conspire to define the difference between what works in the lab and what works in the real world! Successful deployments in over 30 countries on 6 continents.

People • People: Funding Chicken: Egg – It’s hard to get good people until you have funding. – It’s hard to get funding until you have good people. • Expect turmoil – Founding Team • “Now if your VP gets divorced, you’ll be right on track” – Houses, spouses, offspring

Funding • Angels • Government • Venture Capital • Valuation and equity

Advisors • If you listen hard enough, the wind sings every song • You must do X you must not do X X={ – Go vertical, go horizontal – Bring IP out of university – Create a standard – Take funding from Y={angels, VC, government, companies} – Write a business plan – …} • Best advice – You will run into these people again. Act accordingly.

Standards • Markets create standards • Standards don’t create markets • Standards can accelerate (or retard) markets – Good and bad standards – “Coming soon” can be fatal to a startup • Dust experience – – HART Communication Foundation ISA 100 IEEE IETF

Berkeley “smart dust” Startups • • • Adura Arch Rock Crossbow Dust Networks Federspiel Controls Fruition Sciences Sensys Networks Sentilla Streetline Networks Wireless Industrial Technologies …