Slovenia and Croatia compared Remained similarities increasing differences

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Slovenia and Croatia compared Remained similarities, increasing differences, future challenges. . . Ivana Dobrotić

Slovenia and Croatia compared Remained similarities, increasing differences, future challenges. . . Ivana Dobrotić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law Social Policy Chair 9 th LP&R network seminar, Ljubljana, September 13 th 2012

Outline short view in history „recent” reforms – differences & similarities influencing factors? some

Outline short view in history „recent” reforms – differences & similarities influencing factors? some implications? future challenges? 9 th LP&R network seminar, Ljubljana, September 13 th 2012

Short view in history. . . early socialism – similar development decentralization/”self-management” – first

Short view in history. . . early socialism – similar development decentralization/”self-management” – first differences leave scheme - up to the late 1980 s – 1 year leave (100%) Slovenia – 105 days of ML & 260 days of PL, with some universal elements & extended leave for families with more children Croatia – 180 days of obliged ML & 180 days of additional ML fathers entitled to leave since the 1970 s, however with some conditionality & mothers` „gate-keeping” function ECEC - poorer network in Croatia (SI – 50, 9% in 1991 // HR – 30, 3% kindergartens & 7, 8% nurseries in 1989) 9 th LP&R network seminar, Ljubljana, September 13 th 2012

„Recent” reforms – differences & similarities Slovenia vs. Croatia generosity „gender sensitiveness” universalism, equality,

„Recent” reforms – differences & similarities Slovenia vs. Croatia generosity „gender sensitiveness” universalism, equality, transparency social investment perspective flexibility [less in leave design]; focus on organisations demographic dimension ECEC dominantly public; integrated in education system 9 th LP&R network seminar, Ljubljana, September 13 th 2012

Why different? socio-economic level pronounced socio-economic problems during the transition in Croatia, additionally stipulated

Why different? socio-economic level pronounced socio-economic problems during the transition in Croatia, additionally stipulated by war - retrenchment [WB] political level right-wing vs. left-wing dominance closed vs. open policy making process weak vs. strong social partners international organisations [WB, IMF] // EU cultural level population – to some extent less liberal values in Croatia pronatalist discourse vs. focus on equal opportunities, social investment perspective, active fatherhood 9 th LP&R network seminar, Ljubljana, September 13 th 2012

Some implications. . . higher support to so called dual earner/dual carer model in

Some implications. . . higher support to so called dual earner/dual carer model in Slovenia [e. g. redistribution of care, childcare gaps. . . ] less pronounced gender inequalities [e. g. lower employment related „penalty” of motherhood; lower gender pay gap. . . ] lower poverty rates [children / families with children / elderly women] 9 th LP&R network seminar, Ljubljana, September 13 th 2012

Future challenges? policy design still „incomplete/unfinished gender distribution, discrimination issues. . . ] revolution”?

Future challenges? policy design still „incomplete/unfinished gender distribution, discrimination issues. . . ] revolution”? [carework quality of [family] life? [high work intensity & „work-family” conflict] different lifestyles & lifecycles; values & preferences? new socio-economic, political & institutional circumstances globalisation, closer economic integration (including EMU criteria) & recent economic crisis? how to maintain existing rights? // how „temporary character” of recent retrenchment measures? // growing instrumentalisation? new modes of governance & new power relations [SP, GEU] 9 th LP&R network seminar, Ljubljana, September 13 th 2012