slif tyf kzk G 5 L shf Djl

s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L shf{ ; Djl. Gw g. Lltut Joj: yf Pj+ Jofh cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L sfo{ljlw /fli 6 «o ls; fg cfof]u, sf 7 df 08 f}+ @)&$. )^. )$ s[lif ljsf; d. Gqfno

Kf|: t't. Lsf] vfsf • s[lif shf{sf] ; Gbe{ • df}h'bf g. Lltut Joj: yf • df}lb|s g. Llt @)&$. &% sf s[lif shf{sf Joj: yfx? • s[lif shf{ tyf a}+s tyf ljl. Qo ; +: yfx? sf] l: ylt • Joj; flos s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L shf{df k|bfg ul/g] Aofh cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L sfo{ljlw, @)&#Ú

s[lif shf{sf] ; Gbe{ • s[lif If]q lbuf] ljsf; / ul/j. L Go'lgs/0 fsf] cfwf/e't cf}hf/ • u|]6 lj|6]g, o'PP; , rf. O{gf, O{l. G 8 of b]zx? xl/t s|fl. Gtaf 6 cfhsf] l: yltdf cf. Psf • Gf]kfnn] klg s[lifsf cj; /x? nf. O{ plrt bf]xg ug{ ; s] ; d[4 /fi 6 « a. Gg] • ljsl; t b]zdf s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; ; jn ljl. Qo k|0 ffn. Lsf] d 2 taf 6 e. Psf • cfk'lt{ ; fdfu|L, p. Tkfbg, k|zf]wg b]lv Jofkf/ ; Dd lj. QIf]q s[lif nufg. Ldf ckl/xfo{ • s[lifnf. O{ cfw'lgs. Ls/0 f gul/sg Joj; flos agfpg c; Dej • cfw'lgs. Ls/0 f. M p. Ggt k|ljlw, Af. Lp. F, ofl. Gqs/0 f, l; +rf. O{, afn. L ; +/If 0 f, a: t' ljsf;

s[lif shf{ ; Gbe{=== • Gf]kfnsf] s[lif If]qsf] ljl. Qo ; ]jfdf cgf}krfl/s df. Wod xfj. L /x]sf] • Uf|fld 0 f shf{ ; j]{If 0 f. M u|fld 0 f If]qdf h. Ddf shf{sf] *)Ü cgf}krfl/s If]qn] cf]u 6]sf] • Gf]kfn ; /sf/jf 6 u|fld 0 f lj. Q If]qsf] ljsf; sf] nflu ljle. Gg k|of; x? x'Fb} cf. Psf] • s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf] : yfkgf, g]kfn cf}Bf]lu ljsf; lgudx? Vff]ln. P]sf • ; g !(() lt/ cfly{s pbfl/s/0 fsf] g. Llt ln. P kl 5 ljl. Qo If]qdf ; 'wf/ cf. Psf] • ljz]ifu/L ljsf; a}+s P]g !((^ nfu' e. P kl 5 ljl. Qo If]qdf lglh a}+sx? cf. Psf • t/}klg u|fld 0 f ljl. Qo If]qdf ; f]r] h: tf] ljsf; x'g g; s]sf] • u|fld 0 f If]qdf a}+s tyf ljl. Qo ; +: yfx? nufg. L ug{ clg. R 5's /xb} cf. Psf • k/Dk/fut ljl. Qo k|0 ffn. L / ; f]rn] ubf{ s[lif If]qdf nufg. L a 9g g; s]sf]

Financial Services Institutions Banks Support Services Value Chain Actors Exporters / Wholesalers Technical Training Non-bank Financial Institutions Private Investors & Funds Cooperatives / Associations Processors Business Training Local Traders & Processors Specialized Services Producer Groups Farmers Local MFIs / Community Orgs Governmental Certification/Grades Input Suppliers Product Flows Financial Flows Fig. Flow of Products and Finance along VC

lgltut Joj: yfx? • /fli 6 «o s[lif g. Llt, @)^!M s[lif p. Tkfbg tyf Joj; fo k|j 4{gdf cfj. Zos s[lif C 0 f k|jfxnf. O{ p. Tkfbg tyf Joj: ffosf] k|ltkmn; +u cfj 4 u/L ; 'lgl. Zrt ul/g]5 -a'Fbf !@_ • s[lif Joj; fo k|j 4{g g. Llt, @)^# M s[lif Joj; fosf] kl/of]hgf lwtf]df /fv. L shf{ k|jfx ug]{ Joj: yf ldnf. O]g 5. s[lif Joj; fo k|j 4{gsf nflu s[ifs ; d'x hdfgtdf C 0 f k|jflxt ul/g] 5. s[lif Joj; foaf 6 cfo k|f. Kt x'g nf. Ug] ; dosf] cfwf/df shf{ e'Qmfg x'g] Joj: yf ul/g] 5. 9'jfg. Lsf] ; fwg vl/bdf ; x'lnot Jofhb/sf] Joj: yf ug]{ -j'Fbf #=*, #=(, #=@#_

lgltut Joj: yfx? ====== • s[lif ljsf; /0 fg. Llt, @)&@ n] s[lif shf{nf. O{ k|d'v d'bbfsf] ? kdf /fv. L t]; |f] pkn. Aw. L kmf. Obfhgs Joj; fo. Ls/0 fsf] nflu shf{ kl/df 0 f / kx'Frdf a[l 4 ug]{ n. Io /fv]sf] • Rff}wf}+ lqjlif{o of]hgfdf ; 'ne s[lif shf{sf] Joj: yf ug]{ sfo{g. Llt • ljl. Ef. Gg ah]6 j. Qm. Jox? df s[lif shf{df cg'bfgsf] s'/f p. Nn]v x'Fb} cf. Psf] • cf=j=)&$. &% ah]6 a. Qm. Jo df s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L shf{sf] Aofhdf %Ü cg'bfgnf. O{ lg/Gt/tf lb. OPsf]. -a'Fbf ^(_ • df}lb|s g. Llt, @)&$ df Joj; flos s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L shf{df cg'bfg Pj+ ; x'lnot nufot ljle. Gg s'/fx? p. Nn]v ul/Psf].

df}lb|s g. Llt )&$÷&% sf sh{f ; Dj. Gw. L Joj: yfx?

shf{ k|jfx n. Io a}+s lsl; d k|fylds If]q s[lif If]q !) Ü hnlj. B't %Ü ko{6 g %Ü c. Go %Ü ljk. Gg au{ s au{ h. Ddf @% Ü Vf au{ !% Ü $=% Ü u au{ !) Ü $Ü %Ü • hnlj. B't, s[lif, ko{6 g, lgof{t, ; fgf Pj+ demf}nf p. Bf]u, cf}ifw. L p. Tkfbg, l; d]G 6, ufd]{G 6, nufotsf p. Tkfbgz. Ln If]qnf. O{ ; dfj]z u/L k|fyldstf If]qsf] ? kdf kl/eflift ug]{ elg. Psf]. • lak. Gg au{ shf{ M ; fgf tyf demf}nf p. Bf]u, Joj; flos s[lif kl/of]hgfsf] lwtf]df k|jfx ul/g] ? = !) nfv ; Ddsf] kl/of]hgf shf{x? , l/S; f rfnsx? nf. O{ cfkmg} : jfld. Tjdf l/S; f vl/b ug{ lb. O{g] shf{.

shf{ ; Djl. Gw ljz]if Joj: yf • s[lif, phf{, ko{6 g, ; fgf tyf demf}nf c. Go p. Tkfbgd'ns Joj; fodf x'g] a}+s shf{ k|jfxnf. O{ df}lb|s g. Lltdf p. Rr k|fyldstf lb. Psf]. • s, v / u ju{sf a}=lj=; +: yfnf. O{ !$ b'u{d lh. Nnfdf zfvf vf]n] lgl. Zrt ; dosf] nflu ! s/f]8 lg. Jof{h. L ; fk 6 L lbg]. • ; +l 3 o ; +/rgf cg'; f/ : fj} : yfg. Lo txdf a}ssf] zfvf vf]Ng] g. Llt • Joj; flos kl/of]hgf lwtf] /fv]/ shf{ k|jfx ug]{ s'/f p. Nn]v /x]sf] • o'jf : j/f]huf/ sf]if << • cf}krfl/s ? kdf kx'Fr <

n 3'lj. Q ; +: yfjf 6 k|jfx x'g] sh{f ; Dj. GWfdf M • ljk. Gg tyf Go'Gf cfo e. Psf Jol. Qmnf. O{ ; fd'lxs hdfg. Ldf Joj; fo ; ~rfng ug{ k|lt ; d'x ; b: o ? = ! b]lv # / # b]lv % nfv ; Dd shf{ -c; n au{_ • ljk. Gg tyf Go'Gf cfo e. Psf Jol. Qmnf. O{ lwtf] ln. O{ Joj; fo ; ~rfng ug{ k|lt ; d'x ; b: o ? = # b]lv % / % b]lv & nfv ; Dd shf{ -c; n au{_ • ; d'xdf cfj 4 ge. Psf ljk. Gg tyf Go'g cf. P e. Psf Jol. Qmnf. O{ lwtf] ln. O{ ? =^) xhf/ b]lv # nfv ; Dd shf{. • g=phf{ M ; f]nf/ l; : 6 d jf afof]Uof; k|of]hgsf] nflu k|lt kl/jf/ ^) xhf/ b]lv @ nfv. • a}=lj=; +: yf ge. Psf uflj; x? df : j. Ls/fof]Uo lwtf]df ; d'xdf cfj 4 e. Psf jf ge. Psf Jol. Qmx? nf. O{ n 3' p. Bd ; ~rfng ug{ ? = & b]lv !) nfv.

s[lif shf{ tyf a}s lj=: f+: yfsf] l: ylt

a}+s ljj/0 f k|lt zfvf nfefu|fx. L h. DDff lg. If]k vftf ; +Vof ! s/f]8 ** nfv -)&$ c; f/ @@_ -)&$ h]7 d; f. Gt_ k|lt zfvf nfefu|fx. L -)&$ h]7 ; Dd_ -)&# h]7 ; Dd_ s au{ @* @!!^ %*)( ^^)( Vf au{ u au{ 3 au{ h. Ddf $$ #) %! !%# *)% !$* !*@% $*($ a}+s au{ ; +Vof Zffvf -)&# r}q ; Dd_

lale. Gg cfly{s aif{x? df k|jflxt s[lif shf{ -? = !) nfvdf_ 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17* * klxnf] cf 7 dlxgfdfq

a}s tyf ljl. Qo ; +: yfaf 6 s[lifdf k|jflxt shf{sf] lsl; d cf=j= 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17* Vf]t. Lkft. L ; Dj. Gw. L ; ]jf 6686. 9 7998. 3 10347. 9 11613. 3 lrof 3207. 9 3479. 9 3421. 8 2824. 8 Kfz'kfng Pj+ ; Djl. GWft ; ]jf 15442. 2 20730. 1 28761. 7 32102. 6 5791. 3 1769. 3 2010. 1 1370. 2 19781. 7 31182. 2 34249. 9 37542. 1 50909. 8 65159. 8 78791. 5 85453. 1 ag, df 5 fkfng tyf awzfnf c. Go s[lif tyf s[lifh. Go ; ]jf h. DDff * klxnf] cf 7 dlxgfdf

s[lif shf{ lsl; d 13% 44% 35% 4% Vf]t. Lkft. L ; Dj. Gw. L ; ]jf lrof Kfz'kfng Pj+ ; Djl. GWft ; ]jf ag, df 5 fkfng tyf awzfnf 4% gf]6 M rf/ aif{sf] hf]8 sf] cfwf/df

…Joj; flos s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L shf{df k|bfg ul/g] Aofh cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L sfo{ljlw, @)&#Ú

Kf[i 7 e'd. L • Gf]kfn ; /sf/sf] cf=j=@)&!. &@ sf] ah]6 j. Qm. Josf] a'Fbf g+= &^ / cf=j= )&#. &$ sf] ah]6 j. Qm. Josf] a'Fbf g+=!)( df p. Nn]v e. Padf]lhd s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L shf{sf] Aofhdf cg'bfg ; Djl. Gw cg'bfgsf sfo{ljlwx? ag]sf. • klxnf] sfo{ljlw. M o'jfx? nf. O{ s[lif shf{df k|bfg ul/g] Aofh cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L sfo{ljlw, @)&! ag]sf]. -g]kfn ; /sf/, d. Gq. L kl/ifb, lg 0 f{o ldlt @)&!. )^. )@_ • bf]; |f] sfo{ljlw. M …Joj; flos s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L shf{df k|bfg ul/g] Aofh cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L sfo{ljlw, @)&#Ú -g]kfn ; /sf/, d. Gq. L kl/ifb, lg 0 f{o ldlt @)&#. !@. )@_ g]kfn /fi 6 « a}+sn] @)&#. !@. !* df kl/kq hf/L. • bf]; |f] sfo{ljlw kl 5 klxnf] sfo{ljlw vf/]h e. Psf].

• • Aofh cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L Joj: yf -Af'Fbf g+ #_ k|jflxt x'g] shf{df g]kfn ; /sf/n] %Ü Jofh cg'bfg lbg]. a}+s tyf lj=; +: yfn] C 0 f. Laf 6 Aofh afx]s %Ü e. Gbf a 9 L Aofh glng]. shf{sf] clwstd : f. Ldf & s/f]8 /xg]. shf{sf] ; f. Fjf tyf Aofh e'Qmfg. L cjlw t. Lg dlxgf e. Gbf sd gx'g]. k|To]s a}+s tyf lj=; +: yfn] k|jfx ug]{ shf{sf] z'? ; Ldf # c/a x'g]. ; +: yfn] yk ; Ldfsf nflu g]=/f=a}+s ; +u cu|Ld : j. Ls[lt lng' kg]{. Aofh cg'bfg lb. Og] shf{sf] e'Qmfg. L cjlw a 9 Ldf % aif{sf] x'g]. ; +: yfn] shf{ k|jfx ubf{ p. Tkfbgdf k|of]u ul/g] hd. Lg, jf s[lif afn. Lsf] lwtf] /f. Vg ; lsg]. s[lif afn. L lwtf] /f. Vbf s[lif a. Ldf ug'{ kg]{. • ; +: yfn] ; fd'lxs hdfg. Ldf ? = !) nfv ; Dd shf{ k|jfx ug{ ; Sg]. • s'g} klg shf{ k|jfxubf{ kl/of]hgfsf] ; Def. Jotfnf. O{ d'Vo cfwf/ lng].

Aofh cg'bfg /sdsf] e'Qmfg. L k|ls|of -j'Fbf $_ • Jofh cg'bfgsf] nflu g]kfn /fi 6 « a}+saf 6 ; ~rfng x'g] u/L s[lif shf{ Jofh cg'bfg zf]wegf{ gfdsf] Pp 6 f vftf vf]Ng]5. • Gf]kfn ; /sf/, cy{ d. Gqfnon] ? =%) s/f]8 h. Ddf ug]{5. /sd gk'u e. Pdf s]Gb|Lo ; d. Gjo tyf cg'udg ; ldltsf] l; kmfl/zdf /sd yk x'g]. • C 0 f. Ln] q}dfl; s cjlwdf e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{ shf{ /sd e'Qmfg. Lsf] k|df 0 f ; lxt ; +: yfn] g]kfn /fi 6 « a}+sdf Jofh cg'bfgnf. O{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{. • g]kfn /fi 6 « a}+sn] Aofhdf lbg' kg]{ cg'bfg zf]wegf{vftfaf 6 zf]wegf{ ug]{.

Aofh cg'bfg /sd dfu ug]{ C 0 f. Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ -a'Fbf ^_ • sfo{ljlwsf] cg'; 'r. L–@ sf] 9 f. Frfdf ; Djl. Gwt a}+s lj=; +: yfdf lgj]bg lbg] • shf{sf] ; f. Fjf Jofh /sd ; dod} e'Qmfg. L ug]{. • shf{ ; '/l. Ift ug{sf nflu a}+s lj=; +: yfn] dfu]sf ljj/0 f pkn. Aw u/pg] / tf]s]sf] zt{x? sf] kfngf ug]{. • Hf'g p 2]Zosf] nflu shf{ ln. Psf] xf] ; f]x. L p 2]Zosf nflu dfq shf{ nufg. L ug'{ kg]{5. ; b'kof]u e. Psf] gkf. OPdf Jofh cg'bf lb. Og] 5}g. a}+s lj. QLo ; +: ysf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ -a'Fbf &_ • kl/of]hgfsf] ; Def. Jotf tyf shf{sf] ; b'kof]u x'g] cfwf/df shf{ lbg] • shf{ lbg g; lsg] e. P To; sf] : ki 6 sf/0 f lbg]. • C 0 f. Ln] cg'bfg kfpg] Jofh /sd afx]s c? Jofh /sd c; 'n u/]sf] k|df 0 f ; lxt g]kfn /fi 6 « « a}+s ; +u zf]wegf{ dfu ug]{.

a}+s lj. QLo ; +: ysf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ -a'Fbf &_ • kl/of]hgfsf] ; Def. Jotf tyf shf{sf] ; b'kof]u x'g] cfwf/df shf{ lbg] • shf{ lbg g; lsg] e. P To; sf] : ki 6 sf/0 f lbg]. • C 0 f. Ln] cg'bfg kfpg] Jofh /sd afx]s c? Jofh /sd c; 'n u/]sf] k|df 0 f ; lxt g]/fa} ; +u zf]wegf{ dfu ug]{. • shf} ; Dj. Gw. L q}dfl; s ljj/0 f tfls. Psf] 9 f. FRffdf !% lbg leq g]/fa}df lbg]. • clgjfo{ ? kdf ; b'kof]lutf lg/LIf 0 f ug]{ / clen]v /f. Vg]. • shf{sf] Jofhb/ nufg. L cjlwe/ j[l 4 ug{ gkf. O{g]. • g]/fa}+af 6 cg'udg x'Fbf shf{ ; b'kof]u e. Psf] gkf. OP ; f]wegf{ glbg]

Gf]kfn /fi 6 « a}+ssf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ -a'Fbf *_ • cg'bfg /sd s[lif shf{ Aofh cg'bfg zf]wegf{ vftfaf 6 ; Djl. GWft a}+s lj=; +: yfnf. O{ zf]wegf{ /sd pkn. Aw u/fpg]. • zf]wegf{ pkn. Aw u/f. Psf] /sdsf] q}dfl; s ljj/0 f c. Yf{ d. Gqfnonf. O{ lbg] • sfo{ljlw sfof{Gjog ug{ cfj. Zos lgodg, lgl/If 0 f / ; 'kl/j]If 0 f ug]{. • shf{ lgl/If 0 f ubf{ p 2]Zo cg'? k e. Psf] gkf. OP k|rlnt sfg'g tyf g]kfn /fi 6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sf/jfx. L ug]{.

s]l. Gb|o ; d. Gjo tyf cg'udg ; ldltsf] u 7 g / sfd st{Jo clwsf/ -a'Fbf (_ s= 8]k'6 L ueg{/, g]/fa}+ -a}+s lj. QLo ; +: yf lgodg la=_ ; +of]hs Vf= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, g]/fa}+ -a}+s lj. QLo ; +: yf lgodg_ u= ; x; lrj, cy{ d. Gqfno 3= ; x; lrj, s[lif ljsf; d. Gqfno ª= ; x; lrj, kz'k. G 5 L ljsf; d. Gqfno Rf= c. Wo. If, g]kfn a}+sz{ Pzf]l; o; g 5= lgb]{zs, g]/fa}+ -a}+s lj. QLo ; +: yf lgodg la=_ ; b: o ; b: o ; lrj sfd st{Jo clwsf/ -a'Fbf !)_ cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L Joj: yfsf] k|efjsf/L ? kdf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfj. Zos ; d. Gjo, cg'udg ug]{, lg/LIf 0 f u/fpg], afwf c 8 rg km'sfpg], sfo{ljlwsf] Aof. Vof ug]{, Joj: yfdf x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]df k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu g]kfn ; /sf/, cy{ d. Gqfno ; d. If l; kmfl/z ug]{. ; ldltsf] ; lrjfno g]=/f=j}=, a}+s tyf lj. QLo ; +: yf lgodg ljefudf /xg].

lh. Nnf : t/Lo ; d. Gjo tyf cg'udg ; ldltsf] Joj: yf -a'Fbf !!_ s= lh. Nnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, k|d'v Vf= lh. Nnf kz' ; ]jf sfof{no, k|d'v u= g]=/f=a}= ; Djl. Gwt lh. Nnfl: yt sfof{nosf cg'; Gwfg Psf. O{ k|d'v -cfkmgf] sfof{no /x]sf] lh. Nnfdf dfq_ 3= /fli 6 «o afl 0 f. Ho a}+s÷g]kfn a}= ln=÷s[lif lj=a}= d. Wo]af 6 Pshgf zfvf sfof{no k|d'v ª= c. Go a}+s tyf lj. QLo ; +: yfaf 6 Pshgf zfvf sfof{no k|d'v Rf= k|d'v, sf]if tyf n]vf lgo. Gqs sfof{no 5= k|ltlglw, : yfg. Lo tx ; +of]hs ; b: o ; b: o ; lrj

lh. Nnf : t/Lo ; d. Gjo tyf cg'udg ; ldltsf] sfd st{Jo clwsf/ -a'Fbf !@_ • • • shf{ tyf cg'bfg ; Dj. Gwdf s[ifsx? Tfyf : yfg. Lo ? kdf k|rf/ k|; f/ ug]{. lh. Nnfdf shf{nf. O{ ; xh kfg{ ; d'lrt Joj: yf ldnfpg]. shf{ ljt/0 f ; Dj. Gwdf s[ifsx? sf u'gf; fnf. O{ oyf]lrt ; Djf]wg ug]{. lh. Nnfsf] shf{ ljj/0 f tof/ u/L s]l. Gb|o ; =c=; dltdf k]z ug]{. s]l. Gb|o ; =c=; ldltsf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug]{÷u/fpg]. s]l. Gb|o ; =c=; ldltn] tf]s]sf sfo{x? ug]{.

Uf'gf; f] ; Dj. Gw. L Joj: yf -a'Fbf !#_ • sfo{ljlwsf] sfof{Gjogsf s|ddf a}+s tyf lj. QLo ; +: yfn] shf{ k|jfx gu/]sf], s[lif tyf kz'k. G 5 L Joj; fo. Ln] ; ]jf ; 'ljwf gkf. Psf] tyf C 0 fsf] ; b'kof]u ge. Psf] nufotsf u'gf; f] ; 'Gg] tyf ; f]sf cfwf/df cfj. Zos sfd sf/jfx. L cufl 8 a 9 fpg] sfo{ s]l. Gb|o ; d. Gjo tyf cg'udg ; ldlt tyf lh. Nnf: t/Lo ; d. Gjo tyf cg'udg ; ldltn] ug]{5. vf/]h. L tyf ahfp -j'Fbf !%_ != g]kfn ; /sf/, cy{ d. Gqfnoaf 6 hf/L ul/Psf] o'jfx? nf. O{ s[lif shf{df k|bfg ul/g] Aofh cg'bfg ; Dj. Gw. L sfo{ljlw, @)&! vf/]h ul/Psf]. @= pkbkmf ! Afdf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf] sfo{ljlwadf]lhd e. P u/]sf sfd sf/jfx. L o; } sfo{ljlwadf]lhd e. Psf] dflgg]5.

w. Gojfb ⁄⁄ s]x. L lh 1 f; fx? e. P ⁄⁄