Slideshow Project DOI 10 1682JRRD 2010 12 0242

Slideshow Project DOI: 10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242 JSP Small N designs for rehabilitation research Scott D. Barnett, Ph. D; Allen W. Heinemann, Ph. D; Alexander Libin, Ph. D; Arthur C. Houts, Ph. D; Julie Gassaway, MS, RN; Sunil Sen-Gupta, Ph. D; Aaron Resch, MS; Daniel F. Brossart, Ph. D This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Barnett SD, Heinemann AW, Libin A, Houts AC, Gassaway J, Sen-Gupta S, Resch A, Brossart DF. Small N designs for rehabilitation research. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012; 49(1): 175– 86. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242

Slideshow Project DOI: 10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242 JSP • Study Aim – Summarize strategies that rehabilitation researchers may consider for studying issues with expected small sample sizes. • Relevance – Underpowered studies, sample size requirements, and recruitment goals often plague rehabilitation research. – Quasi-experimental and experimental small N designs are ideal methods for clinical research in which understanding and changing maladaptive patterns in behavior and functional status are primary goals. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Barnett SD, Heinemann AW, Libin A, Houts AC, Gassaway J, Sen-Gupta S, Resch A, Brossart DF. Small N designs for rehabilitation research. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012; 49(1): 175– 86. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242

Methods Slideshow Project DOI: 10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242 JSP • January 2010 State-of-the-Art conference: – Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Rehabilitation Research and Development Service convened conference in Miami, Florida, to discuss current and future seminal issues pertinent to rehabilitation research both with and without VA services. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Barnett SD, Heinemann AW, Libin A, Houts AC, Gassaway J, Sen-Gupta S, Resch A, Brossart DF. Small N designs for rehabilitation research. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012; 49(1): 175– 86. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242

Results Slideshow Project DOI: 10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242 JSP • For single-case research: – Field has moved from visual analysis only to both visual and statistical analysis. – Visual analysis of single-case data graphed over time is no longer sufficient. – All single-case data should be analyzed using both visual and statistical methods. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Barnett SD, Heinemann AW, Libin A, Houts AC, Gassaway J, Sen-Gupta S, Resch A, Brossart DF. Small N designs for rehabilitation research. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012; 49(1): 175– 86. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242

Conclusions Slideshow Project DOI: 10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242 JSP • Small N studies (including pilot studies): – Should be conducted more often. – Are especially important in rehabilitation. – Are specifically important during initial research development and the study of complex behavioral issues associated with co-occurring conditions. • Administrators, grant reviewers, and journal editors should be educated on value of small N studies. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Barnett SD, Heinemann AW, Libin A, Houts AC, Gassaway J, Sen-Gupta S, Resch A, Brossart DF. Small N designs for rehabilitation research. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012; 49(1): 175– 86. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1682/JRRD. 2010. 12. 0242