Slides Prepared By Adeel Ahmed Updated By Syed

Slides Prepared By Adeel Ahmed, Updated By, Syed Ameen Quadri. 1

Dynamic Routing • Advantages of Dynamic over static : • There is no need to know the destination networks. • Need to advertise the directly connected networks. • Updates the topology changes dynamically. • Administrative work is reduced • Used for large organizations. 2

Types of Dynamic Routing Protocols • Distance Vector Protocol • Link State Protocol • Hybrid Protocol 3

Distance Vector Protocol • Works with Bellman Ford algorithm • Periodic updates • Classfull routing protocol • Full Routing tables are exchanged • Updates are through broadcast • Also known as “Routing By Rumor” • Example: RIP, IGRP 4

Link State Protocol • Works with Dijkstra algorithm • Link state updates • Classless routing protocol • Missing routes are exchanged • Updates are through multicast • Also known as “ Routing by Intelligence” • Example : OSPF, IS-IS 5

Hybrid Protocol • Works with DUAL algorithm • Link state updates • Classless routing protocol • Missing routes are exchanged • Updates are through multicast • Also known as “ Routing by Intelligence” • Example : EIGRP 6

Routing Information Protocol • Open Standard Protocol • Classfull routing protocol • Updates are broadcasted via 255 • Administrative distance is 120 • Metric : Hop count • Max Hop counts : 15 Max routers : 16 • Load Balancing of 4 equal paths • Used for small organizations 7

Rip Timers • Update timer : 30 sec – Time between consecutive updates • Invalid timer : 180 sec – Time a router waits to hear updates – The route is marked unreachable if there is no update during this interval. • Flush timer : 240 sec – Time before the invalid route is purged from the routing table • Holddown timer : 180 sec – Specifies the amount of time for which the information about poorer routes are ignored. 8

RIP - Network Diagram 10. 0. 0. 1/8 S 0 JIZ S 1 10. 0. 0. 2/8 E 0 192. 168. 1. 150/24 LAN - 192. 168. 1. 0/24 11. 0. 0. 1/8 S 0 JED S 1 11. 0. 0. 2/8 E 0 192. 168. 2. 150/24 LAN - 192. 168. 2. 0/24 RYD E 0 192. 168. 3. 150/24 LAN - 192. 168. 3. 0/24 9

Disadvantages of RIP • More Bandwidth utilization • Doesn’t consider the bandwidth, works only with hop counts • Slow convergence • Formation of Routing loops 10

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5. 00. 2195] (C) Copyright 1985 -2000 Microsoft Corp. C: > telnet 192. 168. 1. 150 Directly Connected Networks on Connecting. . . ================ JIZAN Router Welcome to Jizan Router 192. 168. 1. 0 ================ 10. 0 User Access Verification password : **** Jizan> enable password : **** Jizan# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Jizan(config)# interface serial 0 Jizan(config-if)# ip address 10. 0. 0. 1 255. 0. 0. 0 Jizan(config-if)# no shut Jizan(config-if)# clockrate 64000 Jizan(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Jizan(config-if)# exit 11 Jizan(config)# Diagram

Jizan(config)# no ip routing Jizan(config)# router rip Jizan(config-router)# network 192. 168. 1. 0 Jizan(config-router)# network 10. 0 Jizan(config-router)# Configuring RIP Router(config)# router rip Router(config-router)# network <Network ID> 12 Diagram

Jizan(config)# no ip routing Jizan(config)# router rip Jizan(config-router)# network 192. 168. 1. 0 Jizan(config-router)#network 10. 0 Jizan(config-router)#^Z Jizan# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N 1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N 2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E 1 - OSPF external type 1, E 2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L 1 -IS-IS level-1, L 2 -IS-IS level-2, *- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is not set C 10. 0/8 is directly connected, Serial 0 R 11. 0. 0. 0/8 [120/1] via 10. 0. 0. 2, 00: 25, Serial 0 C 192. 168. 1. 0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet 0 R 192. 168. 2. 0/24 [120/1] via 10. 0. 0. 2, 00: 25, Serial 0 Metric ofbut Rip 120 is nothing R – for RIP routes 13 R 192. 168. 3. 0/24 Administrative [120/2] Hop via Distance 10. 0. 0. 2, 00: 25, Serial 0 Count Jizan# Diagram

Jizan# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 13 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet 0 1 1 2 Serial 0 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 192. 168. 1. 0 10. 0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10. 0. 0. 2 120 00: 00 Distance: (default is 120) Jizan# 14 Diagram

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5. 00. 2195] (C) Copyright 1985 -2000 Microsoft Corp. C: > telnet 192. 168. 2. 150 Directly Connected Networks Connecting. . . on JEDDAH Router ================ Welcome to Jeddah Router 192. 168. 2. 0 ================ 10. 0 User Access Verification 11. 0. 0. 0 password : **** Jeddah> enable password : **** Jeddah# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Jeddah(config)# interface serial 1 Jeddah(config-if)# ip address 10. 0. 0. 2 255. 0. 0. 0 Jeddah(config-if)# no shut Jeddah(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Jeddah(config-if)# interface serial 0 Jeddah(config-if)# ip address 11. 0. 0. 1 255. 0. 0. 0 15 Jeddah(config-if)# no shut Jeddah(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Diagram

Jeddah(config)# no ip routing Jeddah(config)# router rip Jeddah(config-router)# network 192. 168. 2. 0 Jeddah(config-router)# network 10. 0 Jeddah(config-router)# network 11. 0. 0. 0 Jeddah(config-router)# Configuring RIP Router(config)# router rip Router(config-router)# network <Network ID> 16 Diagram

Jeddah(config)# no ip routing Jeddah(config)# router rip Jeddah(config-router)# network 192. 168. 2. 0 Jeddah(config-router)# network 10. 0 Jeddah(config-router)# network 11. 0. 0. 0 ^ Jeddah(config-router)# Z Jeddah# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N 1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N 2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E 1 - OSPF external type 1, E 2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L 1 -IS-IS level-1, L 2 -IS-IS level-2, *- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is not set C 10. 0/8 is directly connected, Serial 1 C 11. 0. 0. 0/8 is directly connected, Serial 0 R 192. 168. 1. 0/24 [120/1] via 10. 0. 0. 1, 00: 01, Serial 1 C 192. 168. 2. 0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet 0 17 R 192. 168. 3. 0/24 [120/1] 11. 0. 0. 2, Metric ofbut Rip 00: 12, Serial 0 120 via is nothing R – for RIP routes Diagram Jeddah# Administrative Hop Distance Count

Jeddah# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 5 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet 0 1 1 2 Serial 1 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 192. 168. 2. 0 10. 0 11. 0. 0. 0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 11. 0. 0. 2 120 00: 23 10. 0. 0. 1 120 00: 03 18 Distance: (default is 120) Jeddah# Diagram

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5. 00. 2195] (C) Copyright 1985 -2000 Microsoft Corp. C: > telnet 192. 168. 3. 150 Directly Connected Connecting. . . Networks on RIYADH ================ Router Welcome to Riyadh Router ================ 192. 168. 3. 0 User Access Verification 11. 0. 0. 0 password : **** Riyadh> enable password : **** Riyadh# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Riyadh(config)# interface serial 1 Riyadh(config-if)# ip address 11. 0. 0. 2 255. 0. 0. 0 Riyadh(config-if)# no shut Riyadh(config-if)# clockrate 64000 Riyadh(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Riyadh(config-if)# exit 19 Riyadh(config)# Diagram

Riyadh(config)# no ip routing Riyadh(config)# router rip Riyadh(config-router)# network 192. 168. 3. 0 Riyadh(config-router)# network 11. 0. 0. 0 Riyadh(config-router)# Configuring RIP Router(config)# router rip Router(config-router)# network <Network ID> 20 Diagram

Riyadh(config)# no ip routing Riyadh(config)# router rip Riyadh(config-router)# network 192. 168. 3. 0 Riyadh(config-router)# network 11. 0. 0. 0 Riyadh(config-router)# ^Z Riyadh # show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N 1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N 2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E 1 - OSPF external type 1, E 2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L 1 -IS-IS level-1, L 2 -IS-IS level-2, *- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is not set R 10. 0/8 [120/1] via 11. 0. 0. 1, 00: 04, Serial 1 C 11. 0. 0. 0/8 is directly connected, Serial 1 R 192. 168. 1. 0/24 [120/2] via 11. 0. 0. 1, 00: 04, Serial 1 Metric ofbut Rip 120 is nothing R 192. 168. 2. 0/24 – for RIP routes [120/1] via 11. 0. 0. 1, 00: 04, Serial 1 R Administrative Hop Distance Count C 192. 168. 3. 0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet 0 Riyadh# 21 Diagram

Riyadh# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 15 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet 0 1 1 2 Serial 1 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 192. 168. 3. 0 11. 0. 0. 0 12. 0. 0. 0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 11. 0. 0. 1 120 00: 06 Distance: (default is 120) Riyadh# 22 Diagram

Jizan# ping 192. 168. 3. 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100 -byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168. 3. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Jizan# ping 192. 168. 2. 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100 -byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168. 2. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Jizan# 23 Diagram

Jeddah# ping 192. 168. 1. 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100 -byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168. 1. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Jeddah# ping 192. 168. 3. 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100 -byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168. 3. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Jeddah# 24 Diagram

Riyadh# ping 192. 168. 1. 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100 -byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168. 1. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Riyadh# ping 192. 168. 2. 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100 -byte ICMP Echos to 192. 168. 2. 1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Riyadh# 25 Diagram