Slide 0 Introduction to Construction Drawings Module 00105

Slide 0 Introduction to Construction Drawings Module 00105 -09 National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Objectives Slide 1 Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: 1. Recognize and identify basic construction drawing terms, components, and symbols. 2. Relate information on construction drawings to actual locations on the print. 3. Recognize different classifications of construction drawings. 4. Interpret and use drawing dimensions. National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Performance Tasks Slide 2 1. Using the floor plan supplied with this module: • Locate the wall common to both interview rooms. • Determine the overall width of the structure studio. • Find the distance from the outside east wall to the center of the beam in the structure studio. • Find the elevation of the slab. National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 3 • Construction drawings are architectural or working drawings used to represent a structure or system. • They are traditionally called blueprints because the lines on drawings were white on a blue background • Today most are created by CAD – computer-aided drafting – blue or black lines on a white background • A set of construction drawings almost always includes six major types of drawings – see next slide National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 4 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 1 – Types of construction drawings Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 5 • Most drawings are laid out in a similar format. There are usually five parts to a construction drawing • Title Block • Border • Drawing area • Revision block • Legend National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 6 Title block • Normally in the lower right hand corner or across the right edge of the paper • Most title blocks include – Company logo • Sheet title – identifies the project • Date – date the drawing was checked and issued for construction • Drawn by – who drafted the drawing • Drawing number – code assigned to the project • Scale – ratio of the size of the object • Revision block – info on revisions National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 7 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 2 – The title block of a construction drawing Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 8 Border – Drawing area • Border - A clear area about half an inch around the edge of the drawing. Mainly there so that the drawing can be reproduced on printing machines and no information is lost • Drawing area – shows the information for constructing the project – floor plan, elevations of the building, sections, and details National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 9 Revision block - Legend • Revision block – usually located in the lower right corner inside or near the title block – in the drawing area • Used to record any changes in the drawings – contains a revision number, a brief description, the date, and the initials of the person who made the revisions • Legend – each line on a drawing has a specific design and thickness that identifies it – the identification of these lines and other symbols is called the legend – they are usually specific to the set of drawings in which they are contained National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 10 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 3 – The revision block of a construction drawing Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 11 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 4 – Sample legend Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 12 Civil Plans • Are used for work that has to do with construction in or on the earth • May be called site plans, survey plans, or plot plans • Show the location of the building on the site from an aerial view • Show the natural contour of the earth represented by contour lines • May include a landscape plan that shows trees, walks, driveways, utilities, the dimensions of the property National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 13 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 5 – Civil plan, aerial view Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 14 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 6 – Landscape plan Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 15 Architectural Plans • Show the design of the project • Floor plan – plan view – aerial view of the layout of each room – provides the most info about the project – show exterior and interior walls, doors, stairways, and mechanical equipment • Roof plan – a view of the roof from above the building – shows the shape of the roof and the materials used to finish it National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 16 Architectural drawings • Elevation drawings – side views – are called elevation because they show height – there are standard names for each elevation – example the side that faces south would be called the south elevation – they show the size of the building, style of the building and placement of doors, windows, chimneys, and decorative trim • Section drawings – shows how the structure is to be built – cross-sectional views that show the inside of the building – they show what materials to use and how the parts are to be put together National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 17 Architectural drawings • Detail drawings – enlarged views of some special features of a building, like floors and walls – enlarged to make details clearer • Architectural plans show the finish schedules to be used for the doors and windows – finish schedules for windows and doors tell the sizes and other information about the types of windows and doors to be used – finish schedules may also tell hardware and fixtures National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 18 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 7 – Roof plan Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 19 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 8 – Exterior elevations Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 20 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 9 – Section drawing (wall section). Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 21 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 10 – Detail drawing (ceiling detail) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 22 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 11 – Window schedule and window detail Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 23 Structural Plans • Set of engineered plans to support the architectural design – first part is the notes that give details of the materials to be used and the requirements to be followed • Foundation plan – shows the lowest level of the building(concrete footings, slabs, and foundation walls) – may show in detail how the foundation is to be reinforced • Structural plan also shows the materials that are to be used for the walls as well as the roof-framing plan National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 24 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 12 – General notes for structural plans Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 25 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 13 – Foundation plan (foundation/slab-on-grade plan) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 26 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 14 – Structural section drawing (foundation details) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 27 Mechanical Plans • Engineered plans for motors, pumps, piping systems, and piping equipment – tells what the contractor is to provide as well the location of grills and registers • Piping and instrumentation drawings are schematic diagrams of a complete piping system –they are not drawn to scale • Some jobs have a HVAC plan to tell the layout of the HVAC system National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 28 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 15 – Mechanical plan general notes Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 29 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 16 – Mechanical plan legend Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 30 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 17 – Mechanical plan list of abbreviations Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 31 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 18 – P&ID Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 32 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 19 – HVAC drawing (1 of 2) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 33 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 19 – HVAC drawing detail (2 of 2) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 34 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 20 – Mechanical detail drawing for hot water riser and drain connections Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 35 Plumbing/Piping plans • Engineered plans that show the layout for the plumbing system that supplies hot and cold water, for the sewage disposal system, and for the location of plumbing fixtures • Some have a plumbing isometric drawing (3 -D type drawing) to show the plumbing system National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 36 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 21 – Plumbing plan Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 37 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 22 – Plumbing isometric drawing (sanitary riser diagram). Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 38 Electrical Plan • Engineered drawings for electrical supply and distribution • They may appear on the floor plan itself • They show locations of the meter, distribution panel, switchgear, convenience outlets, and special outlets • Usually start out with a set of general notes telling about transformers and underground penetrations to the building • May include location of lights and receptacles National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 39 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 23 – Electrical plan general notes Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 40 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 24 – Power plan (first floor) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 41 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 25 – Panel schedules Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 42 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 26 – Electrical symbols list Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 43 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 27 – Electrical abbreviations Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 44 Specifications & RFI • Specifications are statements that are provided to the general contractors defining the quality of work to be done and the materials to be used • Request for Information – RFI – a form to fill out if there is a discrepancy in the plans – worker – foremansuperintendent-general contractor-architect/engineer National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 45 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 28 – Specification (air handling units) (1 of 2) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 46 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 28 – Specification (air handling units) (2 of 2) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 47 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 29 – Sample RFI Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 48 Lines of construction • The lines commonly used on drawings are called the alphabet lines • Dimension lines – establish the sizes of parts if a structure – may end in arrows, dots, or slashes at a termination line drawn perpendicular to the dimension line • Leaders and arrowheads – identify the location of a specific part of the drawing – used with words, abbreviations, symbols, or keynotes • Property lines – show land boundaries National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 49 Lines of Construction • Cut lines – lines around part of a drawing that is to be shown in a separate cross-sectional view • Section cuts – shows areas not included in the cutting line view • Break lines – show where an object has been broken off to save space on the drawing • Hidden lines – identify part of a structure that is not visible on the drawing – may be drawn somewhere else • Centerlines – show the measured center of an object • Object lines – identify the object of primary interest or the closest object National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 50 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 30 – Lines of construction (Alphabet of Lines) Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 51 Abbreviations, symbols, keynotes • • • Keep plans uncluttered, making them easier to read Each trade has its own symbols Always written in capital letters Should be noted on the title sheet or legend page Symbols – tell what material is required for certain parts of the project • Keynotes – a number or letter(usually in a circle or square) with a leader and arrowhead used to identify a specific object National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 52 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 31 – Abbreviations Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 53 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 32 – Architectural symbols Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 54 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 33 – Civil and structural engineering symbols Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 55 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 34 – Mechanical symbols Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 56 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 35 – Plumbing symbols Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 57 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 36 – Keynotes Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 58 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 37 – Grid Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 59 National Center for Construction Education and Research Figure 38 – Exterior and interior dimensions on pipe Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 60 National Center for Construction Education and Research Supplemental Art Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 61 National Center for Construction Education and Research Supplemental Art Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Slide 62 National Center for Construction Education and Research Supplemental Art Core Curriculum Module 00105 -09 Copyright © by NCCER, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.