Sleep Module 23 Circadian Rhythms 24 hour cycle

Circadian Rhythms 24 hour cycle Internal biological clock Changes by age and experience

Sleep Patterns Morning people vs. night owls Genetics and culturally influenced Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Sleep State of consciousness during which the brain passes through a series of distinct

Sleep Stages Every 90 minutes Cycle through 4 stages Two types NREM and REM

NREM -1 Slow alpha waves Awake but drifting to sleep Hypnotic state Hallucinations Sudden

NREM-2 Light sleep Asleep but still can be awaken Sleep spindles Bursts of electrical

NREM-3 Deep sleep Slow delta waves Difficult to awake someone Sleep walking, talking and

REM Rapid eye movement Paradoxical sleep Brain’s motor cortex active – brain stem does

Purpose of Sleep Evolutionary Theory Keep humans and animals out of harms way Conserve

Insomnia Chronic inability to fall asleep or stay asleep Consequences Fatigue, memory problems, and

Sleep Apnea Individual stops breathing (10 sec), briefly wakes up and begins breathing again

Narcolepsy Uncontrollable onset of sleep or excessive napping Causes Genetics Low levels of hypocretin

Parasomnias Disorders associated with abnormal behavior, events or physiological changes occurring either during sleep

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Sleep Module 23

Circadian Rhythms 24 hour cycle Internal biological clock Changes by age and experience

Sleep Patterns Morning people vs. night owls Genetics and culturally influenced Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) Located in hypothalamus Sends message to pineal gland to stop the release melatonin Melatonin Hormone that causes drowsiness Light signals increase or decrease

Sleep State of consciousness during which the brain passes through a series of distinct stages EEG Use to monitor changes in patterns of electrical activity in brain

Sleep Stages Every 90 minutes Cycle through 4 stages Two types NREM and REM Need both!!!!

NREM -1 Slow alpha waves Awake but drifting to sleep Hypnotic state Hallucinations Sudden movements - jerks

NREM-2 Light sleep Asleep but still can be awaken Sleep spindles Bursts of electrical energy

NREM-3 Deep sleep Slow delta waves Difficult to awake someone Sleep walking, talking and night terrors

REM Rapid eye movement Paradoxical sleep Brain’s motor cortex active – brain stem does not send messages Increased heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure Genitals aroused naps

Purpose of Sleep Evolutionary Theory Keep humans and animals out of harms way Conserve energy Biological Theory Recuperation Growth Cognitive Theory Memory consolidation Learning video

Sleep Disorders Module 24

Insomnia Chronic inability to fall asleep or stay asleep Consequences Fatigue, memory problems, and reduced immunity Causes Stress, pain, poor sleep habits Alcohol and sleeping pills can add to it Treatment Est. reg sleep patterns, relaxation techniques, diet and exercise changes

Sleep Apnea Individual stops breathing (10 sec), briefly wakes up and begins breathing again Severely disrupts sleep Symptoms Heavy snoring and extreme fatigue Causes obesity or oversized tonsils Treatment CPAP machine, medications, and surgery SHAQ

Narcolepsy Uncontrollable onset of sleep or excessive napping Causes Genetics Low levels of hypocretin Treatment Medications Controlled naps video

Parasomnias Disorders associated with abnormal behavior, events or physiological changes occurring either during sleep or sleep-wake transition Sleep walking Nightmares vs. Sleep Terrors Nightmares – bad dreams, REM sleep, can be remembered Sleep Terrors – NREM-3, individuals difficult to wake, terrified, and do not recall incident Parasomnias video