SLEEP DISORDERS INSOMNIA Sleep Disorders pp 155 157

SLEEP DISORDERS

INSOMNIA Sleep Disorders pp. 155 -157

What is Insomnia? “…is an experience of inadequate or poor quality sleep as characterized by one or more … sleep complaints. ” - National Sleep Foundation

Sleep Complaints characteristics of insomnia § Difficulty initiating sleep § Difficulty maintaining sleep § Waking too early in the morning

Types of Insomnia § Acute Insomnia § short term – due to temporary situation § Stress § change/loss in a job or relationship § jet lag § lasts up to a month § it is treatable § prescription medication can help the problem

Types of Insomnia § Chronic Insomnia § long-term – experienced for a month or more § could be caused by § medical issues § physical or psychological conditions § another sleep disorder § medications § substances (drugs) § no known cure

Facts about Insomnia § 70 million Americans are affected. § Direct costs of insomnia = $14 billion/year. § Indirect costs add up to $28 billion/year. § 58% of adults in the U. S. experience symptoms a few nights a week. § Insomnia comes from the Latin “in” = no and “somnia” = sleep

Narcolepsy Sleep Disorders pp. 155 -157

What is Narcolepsy? “… a chronic neurological disorder caused by the brain’s inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally. ” - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Characteristics of Narcolepsy § fleeting urges to sleep throughout the day § sleep may last from a few seconds to several minutes § rarely, sleep may last for an hour or more § involuntary sleep episodes § drowsiness during the daytime § frequent awakenings during nighttime sleep

Who Gets Narcolepsy? § 1 in every 2, 000 Americans § 135, 000 individuals nationally § 1 in 500, 000 in Israel § 1 in 600 in Japan § affects genders equally

What are the Symptoms? § Excessive Daytime Sleepiness § experienced by nearly all patients § typically the first noticeable sign § described as § a lack of energy § a depressed mood § extreme exhaustion § Experience involuntary sleep episodes § no more than seconds at a time

When do Symptoms Appear? § first appearance is between 10 -25 years old § can appear earlier/later in life § symptoms tend to worsen two/three decades after initial diagnosis § appearance in school-aged children § connection to childhood behaviors § attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders pp. 155 -157

What is Sleep Apnea? “… potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. The risks of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea include heart attacks, strokes, impotence, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure and heart disease. ” - Stanford University’s Center on Sleep Disorders

Causes of Sleep Apnea § Sleep apnea occurs when enough air cannot move into your lungs while you are sleeping § This happens when… § your throat muscles and tongue relax more than what is normal § your tonsils and adenoids are large § you are overweight § small airway size in the mouth and throat

Characteristics of Sleep Apnea § Breathing stops or becomes very shallow while you are sleeping § 10 -20 seconds or more § 20 -30 occurrences per hour Sleep Apnea - Snoring and Gasping § Insufficient amount of air flows into your lungs § amount of oxygen in your blood may drop § Normal breaths start with a loud snort or choking sound

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure • Mask is worn over your nose during sleep • Air is blown into your throat at a preset pressure level • The forced air acts to keep your throat open

Apnea Mouthpiece § Adjusts your lower jaw and your tongue to help keep your airway open while sleeping § Decreases the resistance to breathing – increases the air flow into your lungs

Facts about Sleep Apnea § More than 12 million Americans have Obstructive Sleep Apnea § Sleep apnea is more common in men § 1 in 25 middle-aged men have sleep apnea that causes them to be sleepy during the day (1 in 50 women) § Sleep Apnea is more common in African Americans, Hispanics and Pacific Islanders