SLAVERY SECESSION PreCivil War 4 VIEWS OF SLAVERY

SLAVERY & SECESSION Pre-Civil War

4 VIEWS OF SLAVERY • 1 - Abolish slavery immediately • 2 - Make progress towards abolishing slavery (but not immediately) • 3 - Slavery is a “necessary evil” (either for political or economic reasons) • 4 - Slavery is perfectly acceptable • [video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 h. Q 2 u 214 A 2 Y

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON • Radical abolitionist • In his newspaper, The Liberator, he argued for “immediate” abolishment of slavery • Famous for burning the Constitution • Not all abolitionists agreed with Garrison’s extreme actions; opponents obviously really disagreed with him • [video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=5 Pbx. Sl-U 89 w

NAT TURNER REVOLT • Nat Turner was a Virginia preacher who encouraged a slave rebellion that ended up killing about 60 people • Southerners blamed Garrison for the revolt • [video] http: //www. history. com/topics/black-history/slavery/videos/nat-turners-rebellion

POSITIVE STEPS FORWARD FOR ABOLITIONISTS • The Liberty Party was formed (an abolitionist political party) • The “underground railroad” was effective • Harriet Tubman = helped about 300 slaves escape to freedom through the underground railroad • [Tubman Video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Bdno 2 YLm 4 Ms

THE WILMOT PROVISO • This law “would have” made the new territories added from the Mexican War (Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty) to be free states • After being debated in the House of Representatives, the Senate rejected it—ending the proviso

THE ELECTION OF 1848 • Two major parties: The Whig Party and the Free-Soil Party • The Whigs were indifferent towards slavery • The Free-Soil politicians were against slavery • Presidential winner of 1848: Zachary Taylor

COMPROMISE OF 1850 • Key Question: How to preserve the Union with the split opinion on slavery? • Daniel Webster gave a famous, “Seventh of March Speech” which argued that there could be no “peaceful secession” • ^ Why is this speech important to your teacher? • Also of note: The powerful Zachary Taylor died in office during the summer of 1850, making Millard Fillmore president • [video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qi. OFq. Npp. Fmw

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT • [Video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=YIXmvr 4 k. TEM • [TED Video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=o. Www 0 YIf-JE • The Missouri Compromise was…compromised • The South got Kansas (slave state) • The North got Nebraska (free state)

“BLEEDING KANSAS” • As a reaction to the slave/free state controversy with the Kansas-Nebraska Act, spontaneous violence arose in Kansas—killing about 200 people

THE REPUBLICAN PARTY • This party was form in 1854 to oppose the extension of slavery • This was a coalition of Whigs, Free-Soilers, and Democrats (remember, these parties were not identical to today’s Democrat-Republican relationship)

DRED SCOTT • Dred Scott had traveled with his owner from the slave state of Missouri to the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin. • HOWEVER, before his owner died, both had returned to the slave state of Missouri • Scott’s Claim: Since he had lived in free states before returning to Missouri, he was now a free citizen • Court’s Ruling: (1) Slaves are not allowed to sue (2) The Missouri Compromise (barring slavery in certain states) was unconstitutional. Therefore, Scott was not free. • [Video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=OML 9 AVR 10 PQ

THE LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES • The “Little-Giant, ” Stephen Douglas debated against the 6 ft. 4 “Honest Abe, ” Abraham Lincoln for the fight to become a Senator of Illinois. • Douglas was an incredible speaker; Lincoln was perceived by some as being very weak. However, it has been told that Lincoln’s honesty helped him win favor. • Deciding factor: slavery. Lincoln spoke out against it in his debates (though his personal thoughts are questionable), while Douglas tried to keep the issue up to the states. • The Outcome—Douglas won the seat in the Senate, but Lincoln would later win the presidency.

JOHN BROWN’S RAID • John Brown was a radical abolitionist who tried to take over the South in order to destroy slavery • He claimed to be called by God to destroy slavery • His plan: To give the slaves weapons, establish a republic in the mountains of Virginia, and then invade the South to free all slaves • He led a gang of 18 men into Harper’s Ferry, Virginia and seized a federal armory. However, the state militia captured him and was hanged for treason and conspiracy. • [video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=11 gev. Eoa. Jsk

“UNCLE TOM’S CABIN” • Author Harriet Beecher Stow published this novel to describe the abuses of slave life • In the North, many people read the book. It became so popular that even plays were based on it, causing more and more people to oppose slavery.

THE ELECTION OF 1860 • Although there were more political parties back then, the major candidates were (a repeat of the 1858 Illinois election) Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. • The winner: Abraham Lincoln (the Republican Party’s first president) • [video] https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Q 6 XJ 5_h. O 1 RE

SOUTHERN SECESSION • Soon after the presidential election, South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union. • Others quickly followed: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas • The Southern Confederates chose a president: Jefferson Davis • [link] http: //www. civilwar. org/education/history/primarysources/ declarationofcauses. html

DAYS OF CRISIS • The president could not do anything to keep the South from seceding • Some Northerners believed that the South could secede if they chose; others did not grant the South that right • Lincoln’s inauguration address: “I have no purpose directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. ” • ALL attempts at compromise would fail…