Slavery in the United States Carqueville Slavery becomes

Slavery in the United States Carqueville

Slavery becomes a Southern Necessity l Slave- Def. A person who is considered the property of another. l In the beginning… ¡Replaced “Indentured Servitude” l. Remember the Definition? • Men (mostly whites) who traded a life of prison or debt for a limited time of servitude. l. Native Americans difficult to enslave • Runaways, unwilling to learn labor techniques l. Numbers diminish- Need new options

Transatlantic Slave Trade: 3 Legs of a Triangle l The Outward Passage from Europe to Africa ¡ carrying manufactured goods. l The Middle Passage from Africa to the Americas or the Caribbean ¡ carrying African captives and other 'commodities’. l The Homeward Passage ¡ carrying sugar, tobacco, rum, rice, cotton and other goods back to Europe.

“Triangle Trade” l Transatlantic Trading Network’s 3 Way process carried “goods” all around the world… ¡ Middle Passage by far the most lucrative and most sickening cruelty… Excerpts from T. Smith & O. Equiano “All the males were forcibly branded with a hot iron and loaded down with heavy shackles. Completely naked, they were chained together in tens by the neck, hands and feet: bound down with irons, and crushed almost unto death, and all for the purpose of maintaining due subordination, as it is called, and preserving the peace and safety of everyone onboard. ” “The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, which had now become insupportable; and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children fell, and were almost suffocated. ”

Make-Up of a Slave Boat

Slavery Begins: 5 Stages l Stage 1: Enslavement l Slavery already existed in Africa (Criminals, Witches, Capture of other Tribes, protection, dowry) l Took Anyone –M, W and Children l Stage 2: Transportation to the Coast l Higher mortality rate than Middle Passage (Water Supply, Malaria/Disease, No shelter/clothing) l Merchants waited on the coast to buy and sell to captains

5 Stages of the Slave Experience l Stage 3: Embarkation (Amistad) l Moving from factories/holding spots onto the ship (ships made JUST for slave trade) l Stage 4: Middle Passage (Amistad) l Slaves shackled together so not able to jump ship, tight packingmortality rater 10 -15% l Stage 5: Disembarkation l Slaves held in quarantine for 2 more weeks l in the new world l VIDEO

Mortality and Losses in the Angolan Slave Trade l Of 100 people seized in Africa… 28 51 57 48 64 75 reached the Marketplaces in Of the original 100 the interior of Were still alive by their Africa rd of 4 th year in the New World. 3 Would board the Ships reach theonto Coast Wouldwould have stepped would live to meet Brazilian theirsoil Slave Master

6 Characteristics of Slavery: l 1) Slaves are property l 2) They were outsiders (Aliens by origin / denied heritage) l. Ethnically different makes it easier to exploit l 3) Coercion could be used against them l 4) Their Labor Power was at complete disposal of their Master l 5) Did not have the right to own sexuality (or own reproductive capacities) l 6) Slave status was inherited (unless provisions made otherwise)

Slaves Begin to Resist! l Many ways to show their Resistance ¡Mask of Subordination (fake respect=safety) ¡Labor Resistance ¡Building of Slave Culture (Community v Master) ¡Running Away ¡Physical Attacks / Property destruction l Nat Turner’s Rebellion – 1831 ¡DEADLY Assault on the Slave System

Who is Nat Turner? l Slave born- Virginia l Connection with God/ Slave Preacher ¡ Believed God chose him to lead the blacks to freedom. l He & 70 recruits= Rampage! ¡ Killed nearly 60 men, women and children- including his Master Turner becomes a Fugitive… He was caught and killed **His intention was to fight the anti -slavery cause, but went down in history as a killer… IS HE AN ABOLITIONIST? ? ?

Frederick Douglass: Educated Slave l Born into slavery- Maryland (North) l Taught to read (alphabet) by Master’s wife ¡ He then taught others l Beaten severely- but stayed strong/ fought back l Ran away– never looked back l Becomes a anti-slavery lecturer ¡ Helps in Womens Movement, rights of Black Soldiers and suffrage of freedmen

Abolitionistsl Slave Father + Free Mother Freedman l Published: “An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens” l Called for black unity and self help l Challenged the whites- Give us EQUALITY… Constitution!!! l Used the Bible against them! William Lloyd Garrison l Started The Liberator ¡ Sent out Antislavery message all around the world David Walker l Founded the American Antislavery Society (also in Europe) ¡ Show immoral Slavery wasand people will want to end it!