Slavery in American History 1619 1865 Slavery in

Slavery in American History (1619 -1865)

Slavery in American History ■ In 1619, the 1 st African slaves were introduced in the colonies ■ By 1660, slave labor replaced indentured servitude as the main colonial labor system: – Slaves worked on tobacco & rice plantations in Southern colonies – Slaves worked as domestic servants in Northern colonies

the American Revolution, slaves The Revolutionary (1776 -1783) But, Before the Founding Fathers. War did not abolish slavery were present in each towards of the 13 slavery colonies changed attitudes By 1804, 9 outlawed slavery The Northwest Ordinance (1787), outlawed slavery In 1808, the USA outlawed the African slave trade

From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as slavery expanded into the West “King Cotton” became dominant & increased slavery in the South 1790 1830

From. Slavery 1800 to 1860, sectional tension Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, in America, 1860 increased Douglass, as slavery&expanded into the. Stowe West Frederick Harriet Beecher attacked slavery The Compromises of 1820 & 1850 During Manifest Destiny, tensions only temporarily settled the issue over slavery increased as Texas & the Mexican Cession were added Sectional events led to Civil War: Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott case, John Brown’s Raid, Election of Lincoln in 1860

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 which made the Civil War about slavery

Reconstruction & the Jim Crow Era (1865 -1954)

The Union victory in the Civil War led to the: § 13 th Amendment (ended slavery) § 14 th Amendment (citizenship for freedmen) § 15 th Amendment (voting rights for freedmen) § Freedman’s Bureau & five military zones The South responded with the KKK & black codes; Reconstruction ended in 1877

Jim Crow laws created segregation Civil rights leaders WEB Du. Bois & States with Jim Crow Laws § Poll Booker taxes, literacy tests, & T Washington fought against grandfather clauses segregation laws; the NAACP was § Most formed blacks were sharecroppers to help African Americans In 1896, the Supreme Court declared “separate but equal” in the Plessy v Ferguson case

During WWI, War the Great Migration World I & the 1920 sled African American workers into the North; Black soldiers fought in segregated units In the 1920 s, African Americans experienced the Harlem Renaissance In the 1930 s, FDR’s New Deal discriminated against black workers

Worldpressured War II FDR to create A. Philip Randolph the Fair Employment Practices Commission In WWII, the Great Migration helped break sharecropping in the South

In the 1950 s, white flight to the suburbs & Jim Crow laws left the U. S. segregated

The Modern Civil Rights Movement (1954 -1965)

By 1950, the United States was a segregated society: Jim Crow laws White flight throughout the to the suburbs left South created African Americans a segregated society in poor inner cities (de jure segregation) (de facto segregation)

But after WWII, African Americans gained success in civil rights In 1948, Truman became the 1 st president to attack segregation Truman issued an executive order to integrate the military He outlawed discrimination in the hiring of government employees

In 1947, Jackie Robinson was the 1 st black major league baseball player Jackie Robinson signing his professional contract with Brooklyn Dodgers owner Branch Rickey in 1945 Robinsonmade won. National Rookie his MLB League of debut the Year MVP in 1947 inin 1947 1949

The modern Civil Rights movement began in 1954 with the Supreme Court decision Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas The NAACP took the lead Their strategy was to in civil rights; Segregated use lawsuits to challenge schools became their that segregation violated primary target the 14 th Amendment

Brown v Board of Education in 1954 The Topeka school district denied Linda Brown from attending a white school 4 blocks from her house NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall used the 14 th Amendment to attack public school segregation Marshall argued that even “equal” schools, if separate, imply that black children are inferior to whites

The Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in Brown v Board of Education (1954) ruled “separate facilities are inherently unequal” Chief Justice Earl Warren stated that segregation violated the “equal protection clause” of the 14 th Amendment

The decision overturned the Plessy v Ferguson (1896) “separate but equal” precedent

The Brown decision was divisive: Schools integrated in But Southern state leaders Baltimore, St Louis, & vowed to resist integration Washington DC & the KKK returned to block integration At first, President Eisenhower left enforcement of Brown up to states & did not enforce the decision

Resistance to Brown “The people of Georgia will not comply with the decision of the court… We're going to do whatever is necessary in Georgia to keep white children in white schools and colored children in colored schools. "

In 1957, President Eisenhower was forced to support integration Arkansas governor Orval Faubus called the National Guard to keep black students from enrolling in Little Rock’s Central High School Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus

Eisenhower sent the Army to force integration for the black students (the “Little Rock Nine”)

Conclusions ■ The Brown v BOE decision was the first major step towards ending Jim Crow segregation in America –The NAACP provided a model for other civil rights leaders to follow by using the 14 th Amendment –Resistance to Brown revealed that civil rights leaders could not rely on the gov’t to protect rights ■ New leaders would soon emerge to take charge of the movement