Slavery and Civil War in America UNIT 1

Slavery and Civil War in America UNIT 1 LESSON 4

LEQ: Why was a nation founded on life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness practicing slavery? Drill: Why do you think there is no mention of slavery in the Constitution? The image was taken from the seal of the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, founded 1787

Our Founding Fathers: • acknowledged that slavery violated the core American Revolutionary ideal of liberty • BUT their commitment to private property rights, principles of limited government, and desire to maintain harmony among the states prevented them from making a bold move against slavery • By the time of the Revolution, slavery was a well-established American institution

Why African Slaves in America? 1. Native American populations declined and were harder to “tame” 2. Decline in the number of Europeans arriving as Indentured Servants 3. African slaves were easily identifiable, they were far from home, could not speak or write the language, slaves made more slaves Slavery had a legal “reign of terror: in America Slavery Auction video clip

Economics in America 1789 -1860 NORTHERN STATES SOUTHERN STATES • Industrialization – factory work • Plantations: cotton, tobacco, rice, sugarcane • Growing Cities • Large immigrant population (5 million b/w 1815 -1860) = workforce • Increased demand for these cash crops = increased demand for enslaved labor Slave Narratives

LEQ: What were the differences between the northern and southern states in Antebellum America? Drill: Have you ever witnessed the following: What one person was doing prevented someone else from doing what he or she needed to do. One person was so different from another that neither could understand the other or that their needs were conflicting.

Population Engaged in Manufacturing

LEQ: What are the causes and effects of the American Civil War? Drill: Interpret the following phrase “A house divided against itself cannot stand. “ Do you know who said this?

Slave State or Free State q 1819 Missouri requests admission to the Union as a slave state = Missouri Compromise of 1820: - granted Missouri’s request - admitted Maine as a free state - passed an amendment that drew an imaginary line across the former Louisiana Territory establishing a boundary between free and slave regions q 1849 California requests admission to the Union as a free state = Compromise of 1850: - admitted California as a free state - slavery in New Mexico and Utah each to be determined by popular sovereignty - ended the slave trade in Washington, D. C. - Fugitive Slave Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 q. With the country growing there was a desire among some for a transcontinental railroad q. Suggested the railroad run through a new territory = Nebraska Territory (reserved as a free state) q. Southern representatives wanted the Missouri Compromise repelled first q. The Nebraska Territory was divided in two: Nebraska and Kansas Nebraska = could be free Kansas = could be slave

Dred Scott Case q. Supreme Court Case: Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 q. Dred Scott was an enslaved man who had been taken north to work in a free territory. Scott sued for his freedom q. Chief Justice Taney ruled that African Americans – enslaved or free – were not citizens and had no rights under the Constitution. Taney also decreed that Congress did not have the authority to ban slavery in the territories. This made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

The Union Dissolves q. John Brown and Harpers Ferry q. Election of 1860 q. The South Secedes

The Union Dissolves q. John Brown and Harpers Ferry: an attempt at rebellion against slaveholders; savior to some aggressor to others q. Election of 1860: Dissention in the Democratic Party over Presidential candidate; Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln = opposed the spread of slavery; Lincoln won the Presidential election q. The South Secedes: viewed Lincoln’s election as a threat to southern society and culture; South Carolina repealed the states ratification of the Constitution = dissolved ties to the Union = seceded from the Union in Dec. 1860 - Joined by MS, AL, FL, GA, LA, TX, AR, TN, NC, VA by Feb. 1861 = the Confederate States of America a. k. a. the Confederacy

LEQ: Part 1 Causes of the Civil War: 1. Controversy and Compromise over Free and Slave States/Territories 2. John Brown and Harpers Ferry 3. Election of 1860 4. Southern states secede from the Union

The Civil War • Fought between 1861 -1865 • Northern States lead by President Lincoln vs. Southern States lead by Jefferson Davis (President of the Confederate States of America) • Emancipation Proclamation January 1 st 1863 = all slaves in the rebellious states “shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free. ” • North won and preserved the Union • 600, 000 casualties

LEQ: Part 2: Effects of the Civil War • Nation is reunited; Federal government proved itself supreme to state government • End of slavery; 13 th Amendment to the Constitution makes slavery illegal • Former slaves struggle with freedom; lack of education forces most to become sharecroppers • Military Occupation of the Southern states are “occupied” by soldiers from the North • Reconstruction & New Technologies – plan to rebuild the southern states that had been devastated by war “putting the country back together

America the Story of Us: Civil War