SKULL Superior view of the skull Norma verticalis

SKULL

Superior view of the skull Norma verticalis

Anterior view Norma frontalis

Bones: Frontal 2 Nasal 2 Maxillary 2 zygomatic Openings 2 Orbital 1 Ant. Nasal aperature

Lateral view Norma lateralis

bones forming the lateral portion of the calvaria include the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, temporal bones

The junction where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones are in close proximity is the pterion

Posterior view Norma occipitalis

Bones 2 Parietal Squamous occipital 2 Mastoid temporal Sutures Sagittal Lambdoid

Features Lambda Asterion External occipital protuberance Inion Superior nuchal lines Highest lines nuchal

Inferior view Norma basalis externa

The base of the skull is divided into: • anterior part • middle part • posterior part By 2 lines • hard palate • the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

The hard palate is composed of: • palatine processes of each maxilla • horizontal plates of each palatine bone Sutures: cruciform suture

Bony mandible

Lateral view

Medial view

Hyoid bone

Superior view

Cervical vertebrae

Typical cervical vertebra

Typical cervical vertebra

Atlas

Axis-vertebra CII (superior view)

Axis

Atlas and axis (anterolateral view)

Atlanto-occipital joint (posterior view)