Skin lesions The Primary Lesions Macule Papule Nodule
- Slides: 60
Skin lesions
The Primary Lesions Macule Papule Nodule Tumor Plaque
Vesicle Bullae Pustule Wheal Burrow Telangiectasia
MACULE A macule is a change in the color of the skin. It is flat, if you were to close your eyes and run your fingers over the surface of a purely macular lesion, you could not detect it. A macule greater than 1 cm. may be referred to as a patch.
Examples of macules include freckles and flat moles.
PAPULE A papule is a solid raised lesion that has distinct borders and is less than 1 cm in diameter. Papules may have a variety of shapes in profile (domed, flat-topped, umbilicated) and may be associated with secondary features such as crusts or scales
Papules are associated with such conditions as warts, syphilis, psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses, lichen planus, and skin cancer
NODULE A nodule is a raised solid lesion more than 1 cm. and may be in the epidermis, or subcutaneous tissue
keratinous cysts, lipomas, fibromas
TUMOR A tumor is a solid mass of the skin or subcutaneous tissue; it is larger than a nodule. (Please bear in mind this definition does not at all mean that the lesion is a neoplasm. )
VESICLE Vesicles are raised lesions less than 1 cm. in diameter that are filled with clear fluid.
These lesions may be the result of sunburns, insect bites, chemical irritation, or certain viral infections, such as herpes.
BULLAE Bullae are circumscribed fluid-filled lesions that are greater than 1 cm. in diameter
PUSTULE Pustules are circumscribed elevated lesions that contain pus. They are most commonly infected (as in folliculitis) but may be sterile (as in pustular psoriasis
A pustule is usually the result of an infection, such as acne, imptigeo, or boils
Wheal. A skin elevation caused by swelling that can be itchy and usually disappears soon after erupting. Wheals are generally associated with an allergic reaction, such as to a drug or an insect bite
WHEAL A wheal is an area of edema in the upper epidermis
Telangiectasia. Small, dilated blood vessels that appear close to the surface of the skin. Telangiectasia is often a symptom of such diseases as rosacea or scleroderma
TELANGIECTASIA Telangiectasia are the permanent dilatation of superficial blood vessels in the skin and may occur as isolated phenomena or as part of a generalized disorder, such as ataxia telangiectasia.
BURROW Burrows are linear lesions produced by infestation of the skin and formation of tunnels (e. g. , with infestation by the scabitic mite or by cutaneous
The Secondary Lesions Scale Crust Atrophy Lichenification Erosion
Excoriation Fissure Ulceration Scar Keloids Petechiae, Purpura, and Ecchymoses
Scale. A dry, horny build-up of dead skin cells that often flakes off the surface of the skin. Diseases that promote scale include fungal infections, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis
Crust. A dried collection of blood, serum, or pus. Also called a scab, a crust is often part of the normal healing process of many infectious lesions. Erosion. Lesion that involves loss of the epidermis.
EXCORIATION Excoriations are traumatized or abraded skin caused by scratching or rubbing
FISSURE A fissure is linear cleavage of skin which extends into the dermis.
Atrophy. An area of skin that has become very thin and wrinkled. Normally seen in older individuals and people who are using very strong topical corticosteroid medication
Scar. Discolored, fibrous tissue that permanently replaces normal skin after destruction of the dermis. A very thick and raised scar is called a keloid
KELOIDS Keloids are an exaggerated connective tissue response of injured skin that extend beyond the edges of the original wound.
Lichenification. Rough, thick epidermis with exaggerated skin lines. This is often a characteristic of scratch dermatitis and atopic dermatitis
Ulcer. Lesion that involves loss of the upper portion of the skin (epidermis) and part of the lower portion (dermis). Ulcers can result from acute conditions such as bacterial infection or trauma
PETECHIAE, PURPURA, AND ECCHYMOSES Three terms that refer to bleeding that occurs in the skin are petechiae, purpura, and ecchymoses. Generally, the term "petechiae" refers to smaller lesions. "Purpura" and "ecchymoses" are terms that refer to larger lesions. In certain situations purpura may be palpable.
In all situations, petechiae, ecchymoses, and purpura do not blanch when pressed. If there is any question, press on the lesions carefully with a glass slide. Don't break the slide or cut the patient
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