SKIN AND BODY MEMBRANES DERMIS Two layers Papillary
SKIN AND BODY MEMBRANES
DERMIS Two layers � Papillary layer (upper dermal region) � Reticular layer) layer (deepest skin
DERMIS Papillary layer (upper dermal region) Projections called dermal papillae Capillary loops Pain receptors and touch receptors
DERMIS � Reticular layer (deepest skin layer) Blood vessels Sweat and oil glands Deep pressure receptors
DERMIS OVERVIEW Collagen fibers give skin its toughness Elastic fibers give skin elasticity Blood vessels play a role in body temperature regulation
SKIN APPENDAGES Glands Hair follicles Nails
SEBACEOUS GLANDS Produce oil � Keep skin lubricated � Kills bacteria Glands are activated at puberty
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
SWEAT GLANDS Produce sweat Widely distributed in skin Two types Eccrine Open via duct to pore on skin surface Apocrine Ducts empty into hair follicles
SWEAT GLANDS
HAIR Produced by hair follicle Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color
HAIR Hair follicle- shaft, follicle (root) � medulla (inner), cortex (outer), cuticle (cover) Growth- 4 in. /year or 2 mm/week
HAIR Associated hair structures � Hair follicle � Arrector pili muscle � Sebaceous � Sweat gland
NAILS Scale-like modifications of the epidermis Heavily keratinized (very hard)
NAILS Consists of: � free edge � Body � Root � Cuticle � Lunula Growth- 0. 5 mm/week
NAILS
NAILS Did you know that your fingernails grow much faster than your toe nails? 3 -4 times faster!
NAILS Related to length of outermost finger bone Blood flow Use-stimulates growth
SKIN INFECTIONS AND ALLERGIES Contact dermatitis Cold sores Caused by virus Impetigo Exposures cause allergic reaction Caused by bacterial infection Psoriasis Cause is unknown Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
SKIN INFECTIONS AND ALLERGIES
BURNS Burns � Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
BURNS Associated dangers Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Circulatory shock
RULE OF NINES Way to determine the extent of burns Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation Each area represents about 9% of total body surface area
RULE OF NINES
SEVERITY OF BURNS First-degree burns � Only epidermis is damaged � Skin is red and swollen Second-degree burns � Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged � Skin is red with blisters Third-degree burns � Destroys entire skin layer � Burn is gray-white or black
SEVERITY OF BURNS
CRITICAL BURNS Burns are considered critical if � Over 25% of body has second-degree burns � Over 10% of the body has third-degree burns � There are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet
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