Skill Development at its Best Management Information Systems

Skill Development at it’s Best Lectures Administration • IT Fundamentals – General IT Development & Trends – Hardware • Importance • Types • Issues related with Hardware – Software • Operating System Vs Application Software • Software Development • Latest Development in Software • Issues related with Software Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best IT Fundamentals • IS Decomposition – Data & Information – Technical components • Hardware Fundamentals • Software Fundamentals • Database Management • Telecommunications • Why we are studying these fundamentals? – These constitute the technical composition of the systems – IS Cost resides majorly in this part – The “Hottest Technology Available”(Need for Awareness) Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best IT Infrastructure in a Modern Organization • IT Infrastructure - What is it? – Computing Resources – Large Mainframes, Desktops and Laptops, Personal Gadgets and Mobile Devices and applications – Telecommunication Services for Connectivity – Data Management and Storage Services – Physical Facilities – IT Management Service – IT Training Services – Research and Developmental services and capabilities Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Infrastructure Components Skill Development at it’s Best • IT Infrastructure has 7 main components • Networking and telecommunications equipment and services (50% of U. S. expenditures) • Enterprise and other IT software applications (19%) • Computer hardware platforms (9%) • Consulting services and system integrators (9%) • Operating system platforms (7%) • Database management and storage (3%) • Internet platforms (2%) Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best IT Infrastructure Development & Trends • Evolution – The 5 – Eras of Computing • • • Mainframe and Minicomputer Era (1950 s) Personal Computer (PC) Era (1980 s) Networking (Client/Server) Era (1980 s) Enterprise Computing (ERP) Era (1990 s) Cloud Computing (Internet Computing & Application) Era (2000 s) Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

IT Infrastructure Development & Trends Skill Development at it’s Best • Drivers of IT Infrastructure – Moore’s Law and Microprocessor’s Power – Component of chip increasing on a small area – Law of Digital Mass Storage – Storage capacity increasing by exponential rate – Metcalfe’s Law and Network Economics – Number of Network Members Increasing exponentially – Declining Cost of Communication and Internet – Growing Standards Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Infrastructure Components and Providers Skill Development at it’s Best There are seven major components that must be coordinated to provide the firm with a coherent IT infrastructure. Listed here are major technologies and suppliers for each component. Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Infrastructure Components • Computer hardware platforms • Client machines • Desktop PCs, mobile computing devices – PDAs, laptops • Servers • Blade servers: ultrathin computers stored in racks • Mainframes: • IBM mainframe equivalent to thousands of blade servers • Top chip producers: AMD, Intel, IBM • Top firms: IBM, HP, Dell, Sun Microsystems Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Infrastructure Components • Computer software platforms • Operating systems • Client level: 95% run Microsoft Windows (XP, 2000, CE, etc. ) • Server level: 85% run Unix or Linux • Enterprise software applications • Enterprise application providers: SAP and Oracle • Middleware providers: BEA Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Background • Traditional Computing Environment – – – Large Vs small organizational computing Mainframes Mini PC environment Networking Needs • Technological Questions & Advancements – Awareness – Affordable cost – Availability Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Glimpse of few Decisions • Technology – Latest Hardware (Input, Output, Processing) – Updation of Legacy Hardware (Maintenance Problems) – Size/Capacity/Speed issues • Software – In-house Development • System Requirement through Analysis • Development Process • Implementation & Feedback VS – Buying Option • Cost/Benefit Analysis • System Needs • Implementation and Feedback – Coordination & Communication issues Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Glimpses of few Decisions • Broader Decisions – IT Application analysis (where we need IT applications in Business) – Quantitative Assessment in context of cost/benefit analysis – Business Approvals for Investment – Training – User Interface – Database (Size and usage issues) Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Hardware Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies • Grid computing • Connects geographically remote computers into a single network to combine processing power and create virtual supercomputer • Provides cost savings, speed, agility • On-demand computing (utility computing) • Off-loading peak demand for computing power to remote, large-scale data processing centers • Lowers cost, risks of hardware investment, provides agility Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Hardware Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies • Autonomic computing • Industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure, optimize themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders • Similar to self-updating antivirus software; Apple and Microsoft both use automatic updates • Edge computing • Multitier, load-balancing for Web-based applications • Significant parts of processing performed by less expensive servers located nearby user • Increases response time and lowers technology costs • Akamai: Internet edge provider Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Hardware Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies • Virtualization • Presenting set of computing resources (such as computing power or data storage) so they can be accessed in ways not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location. • Server virtualization: Running more than one operating system at same time on single machine. • Fewer computers required to process same work • Multicore processors • Integrated circuit with two or more processors • Reduces power requirements and heat • Cloud Computing Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best System Components (Hardware) Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Some of the common Input & Output Devices Skill Development at it’s Best Copyright

Skill Development at it’s Best Hardware Fundamentals • Input Devices – From Traditional keyboard

Skill Development at it’s Best Hardware Fundamentals • Processing – Speed & Capacity (parallel

Skill Development at it’s Best Hardware Fundamentals • Output Devices – Output needs –

Skill Development at it’s Best Hardware Fundamentals • Storage – Permanent Vs. Temporary Storage – Mobile Storage…. • Networking…. – – Routers Switches Specialized Servers Will complete it in the networking section Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Cost Effective Storage Structure Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best IT Hardware Components - Storage • Storage Devices – Storage Capacities – Ubiquitous Storage? • In your pocket www. rememberus. co. uk/ • On the web www. avdeals. com/ digitalmemory/SDCZ 12807. htm Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

IT Hardware Components – Communications and Other Hardware Skill Development at it’s Best • NICs (Network Interface Cards) – One of the basic device for communication in a wired network • Modems – Wired “Super mouse” – Wireless • Other hardware items – Graphics cards (VGA) – Specialized devices • Input Hardware Example Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best PHANTOM® Omni™ Haptic Device Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Contemporary Hardware Issues • IT portfolio analysis (Heavy Investment) – Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) • Maintenance – Backup – Disaster Recovery • Compatibility • Future Planning – Technological Advancement – Cost Vs. Quality question Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Software Fundamentals • • • System Software Application Software

Skill Development at it’s Best Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best System Software • Operating System – Microcomputer OS • DOS • Windows • Unix (GUI, Common User Access) – Networking OS • Netware – Large Scale OS • Multiprocessing • Multitasking • Other Important Software – System Management Software • System utilities • Language Translators Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Software • Application software – Easy-to-use programs designed to perform specific tasks • System software – Programs that support the execution and development of other programs – Two major types • Operating systems • Translation systems (compilers & linkers) Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Basic OS Tasks User interface Operating System Pr oc ess or ma na ge me nt M em or y m an ag em en t Device management t men nage a m ion licat App Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Computer Software Relationships User Interface Application Programs User Interface Operating System User Basic Input and Output Services (BIOS) Interface • needed for a computer to boot up Computer Hardware Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Application Software • General Application – Word Processing – Spreadsheets – File Managers • Special Purpose Software – – – – TP Scheduling Analysis & Decision Making Presentation Communication Training Programming • From low level to 4 GLs Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Application Software • Application software makes computer popular and easy to use • Common application software: n Microsoft Word, Word. Perfect n Power. Point n Netscape, Internet Explorer n Photo. Shop, Photo-Paint n Quick Time n Dreamweaver Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Integrated Development Environments • Combine all of the capabilities that a programmer would want while developing software (VC++) n Editor n Compiler n Linker n Loader n Debugger n Viewer Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Information System(Application Software) Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Software Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies • Linux and open-source software • Open-source software: Produced by community of programmers, free and modifiable by user • Linux: Open-source software OS • 6% new PCs in 2005 were Linux (U. S. ) • 23% market share as LAN server (U. S. ) • Java • Object-oriented programming language (Sun Microsystems) • Operating system, processor-independent (Java Virtual Machine) • Leading programming environment for Web • Applets • E-commerce applications Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Software Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies • Ajax • Software technique for allowing client and server to hold conversation in background, so browser page does not need to be fully reloaded. Google Maps. • Web-based software tools • Google’s online spreadsheet and word processing • Mashups • Combinations of two or more online applications; e. g. combining mapping software (Google Maps) with local content Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Software Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies • Web 2. 0 key concepts • • Web becoming collection of capabilities, rather than pages Services Control over unique data sources Users as co-developers Harnessing collective intelligence Leveraging “long tail” through customer self-service Software above level of single device Lightweight user interfaces, development models, and business models Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Enterprise Wide Software (Need for Collaboration) Case of Integrated

Skill Development at it’s Best Selected Enterprise Resource Planning Vendors Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Software Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies • Changing sources of software: • Software packages and suites • Complex, enterprise software systems • Application service providers (ASPs) • Business that delivers and manages applications and computer services from remote computer centers to multiple users using the Internet or a private network • Outsourcing • Domestic or offshore • Today, 1/3 U. S. firms outsource software development Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best Management Issues • Application Backlogs – Different Applications build in different languages – Lengthy Development processes – System Development requires commitments, time, patience • Make – System Requirement – User Interface – User Involvement Vs. • Buy – – Availability of Built-in applications Cost Vs. Quality Issues Organization Wide Systems reducing compatibility issues Contract Management through Outsourcing Copyright 2016@Mir. Org

Skill Development at it’s Best References • Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). “Management Information Systems: Action & Strategy”. (2 nd Ed). Chapter 5, 6 • Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon (2001). “Management Information Systems: Managing a Digital Firm”. (7 th Ed). Chapter 5 • James O’Brien. (1998). “Introduction to Information Systems: A Networked Enterprise Perspective”. (2 nd Ed). Chapter 2, 3 Copyright 2016@Mir. Org