Sketches and Working Drawings Sketches are freehand drawings
- Slides: 22
Sketches and Working Drawings • Sketches are freehand drawings of an object for a project done in order to get the idea down on paper. – Sketches are not usually drawn to scale. – Neatly drawn sketches with fairly accurate dimensions are usually sufficient for simple projects. – Sketches of larger and more complicated projects can serve as the basis for accurate working drawings. • Working drawings are complete drawings done in universal graphic language so that the object depicted can be constructed from the drawing alone without additional information. – Dimensions - Working drawings use lines scaled to the dimensions of the actual objects. – Views - Working drawings show specific views of an object with enough detail to enable project construction. ` • Most working drawings show three separate sides of an object from three flat, head-on views. • Pictorial drawings show three sides of an object together in one view.
About Building Plans • Are like maps • Provide important information – Dimension – Direction – Heights • Have standard symbols & signs • Drawn to scale • Give different views & sections
Building Plans Have: • • • Position of boundary pegs Boundary lines Building lines Walls & fixtures Heights – – – Pegs Natural ground level (NGL) Finished ground level (FGL) Finished floor level (FFL) Walls & fixtures • Cardinal direction • Plot number • Other specific information
Drawing to Scale • Scale drawing permits the size of the object to be reduced proportionally in order for it to be drawn on the size of paper chosen. • Common scales of a drawing may be 1 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, to represent one metre. For example, 10 mm = 1 metre. • A scale rule is the most common type of scale used for drawing scale projects. – Its main divisions at the end of the scale, which are in centimetres or millimetres, represent one metre. – The divisions may be subdivided into smaller parts
Scale: • Standard scale is – 1 : 100 • Sometimes – 1 : 50 • Site Plans often – 1 : 500 Let’s balance things out
Types of Lines Used in Drawings a. Border line: a heavy, solid line drawn parallel to the edge of the drawing paper. b. Object line: a solid line representing the visible edges and form of an object. c. Hidden line: a series of dashes which indicate the presence of hidden edges. d. Dimension line: a solid line with arrowheads at both ends to indicate the length, width, or height of an object. e. Extension line: a solid line indicating the exact area specified by a dimension. f. Break line: a solid, zigzag line which indicates that part of the object being drawn is not fully illustrated or has been left out. g. Center line: a long-short-long line used to depict the center of a round object. h. Leader line: a solid line with an arrow pointing from an explanatory note to a specific feature of an object.
Basic Symbols - Walls
Windows
Doors
Showers
Kitchen Sink STANDARD SIZES 900 mm, 1200 mm, 1500 mm, 1800 mm, 2100 mm
Basin
Toilet
Elevations
Floor plan for 6 boys and 6 girls toilets
Cross Section AA
Compiled & developed by V Govindsamy
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