SKELETAL SYSTEM SKELETAL FUNCTIONS 1 Support for organs

SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL FUNCTIONS 1. Support for organs tissue, postural support against gravity 2. Protection of vital organs, brain, lungs, and heart. 3. Storage of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorous 4. Hemopoiesis: Contains red bone marrow (hemopoietic tissue) for the production of more blood cells 5. Movement, if muscles had nothing to anchor their tendons to, there would be very inefficient bodily movement.

Bone Classification by Shape

Anatomy of a Typical Long Bone What type of connective tissue cells make up articular cartilage? What is the proper name for a mature bone cell?

Histology of Bone Which cells lay down fresh bone matrix? Which cells “recycle” bone matrix? What category of tissue does bone belong to?

What is an osteon? What is a lacuna? What are canaliculi? What is a haversian canal?

Compact and Spongy Bone Tissue Organization Bones of the skeleton contain a combination of both types of bone tissue organization. What type of bone shape is shown to the left? What type of bone tissue is the green arrow pointing at? What type of bone tissue is the red arrow pointing to?

Osteogenesis - 10 week fetus Approx 350 Cartilaginous Models in Skeleton

Osteogenesis - 16 week fetus

Endochondral Ossification (Bone Formation) Name this structure

Bone Fracture Repair

Bone Fracture Repair (cont’d)

MAJOR BONES OF THE SKELETON

AXIAL DIVISION

SPINAL CURVATURES

APPENDICULAR DIVISION Bones of the upper and lower extremities

UPPER EXTREMITY

Types of JOINTS - Articulations 1. Synarthrotic – Fibrous – No movement 2. Amphiarthrotic – Cartilaginous. Slight movement but no joint cavity 3. Diarthrotic – Synovial – Highest range of motion with joint cavity between bones

Joint Movement Terms FLEXION vs. EXTENSION hyperextend flexion extension dorsiflexion plantar flexion neutral

Joint Movement Terms ABDUCT vs. ADDUCT

Joint Movement Terms ROTATION vs. CIRCUMDUCTION pivot circle

KNEE Joint Anatomy