Skeletal System 4 Functions of the Skeletal System

Skeletal System

4 Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Supports the body. The backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord. 2. Protects internal organs: The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury Muscle attached to bones!!

4 Functions of the Skeletal System 3. Works with Muscles to produce movement: Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones. 4. Makes Blood: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone.

Bone Structure • Typical Four Layers: – Periosteum: • Covers Bones – Compact Bone: • Lies beneath the periosteum – Spongy Bone: • Lies beneath the compact bone – Bone Marrow: • Fills the gaps between the spongy bone Spongy Bone Compact Bone Marrow /Marrow Cavity

Bones of the Cranium • Some are thicker than others!!!

Parietal Bone Cranium Bones Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bone

Cranium Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html

Mandible The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face. ? What else is it called? Maxilla

Cranium Mandible Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html

Clavicle or Collarbone • The clavicle, or collar bone, holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body and is only as thick as your little finger.

Cranium Mandible Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Clavicle

Scapula • The scapula is located on the back side of the ribcage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and movement for the arms.

Cranium Scapula Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Mandible Clavicle

Vertebral column Also known as the spine, or vertebrae. A column usually consisting of 24 articulating vertebrae

Cranium Scapula Vertebrae Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Mandible Clavicle

Coccyx and Sacrum

Cranium Scapula Vertebrae Coccyx Sacrum Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Mandible Clavicle

Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

Cranium Scapula Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Sacrum Phalanges Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Mandible Clavicle

Radius and Ulna • Radius on Top • Ulna on Bottom

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Sacrum Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Radius Ulna

Carpals or (Wrist Bones)

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Radius Ulna

Metacarpals (Top of Hands)

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Radius Ulna Metacarpals

Phalanges (Little Fingers)

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Radius Ulna Metacarpals

Rib Cage

Cranium Scapula Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Mandible Clavicle Rib Cage Radius Ulna Metacarpals

Sternum (Breastbone)

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Sternum (Breastbone) Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Rib Cage Radius Ulna Metacarpals

Pelvis (Dancing Bone)

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Sternum (Breastbone) Humerus Vertebrae Pelvis Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Rib Cage Radius Pelvis Ulna Metacarpals

Femur (Largest Bone in the Body)

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Sternum (Breastbone) Humerus Vertebrae Pelvis Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Rib Cage Radius Pelvis Ulna Metacarpals Femur Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html

The Tibia and Fibula

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Sternum (Breastbone) Humerus Vertebrae Pelvis Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Rib Cage Radius Pelvis Ulna Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html

Tarsals

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Sternum (Breastbone) Humerus Vertebrae Pelvis Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Rib Cage Radius Pelvis Ulna Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsales Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html

Metatarsals

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Sternum (Breastbone) Humerus Vertebrae Pelvis Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Rib Cage Radius Pelvis Ulna Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Metatarsales Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Tarsales

Phalanges

Cranium Scapula Mandible Clavicle Sternum (Breastbone) Humerus Vertebrae Pelvis Coccyx Carpels (Wristbone) Sacrum Phalanges Rib Cage Radius Pelvis Ulna Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Metatarsales Picture from http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram. html Tarsales Phalanges

The Connectors of the Body • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone

The Connectors of the Body!! • Tendon: Attaches muscles to bones

The Connectors of the Body • Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

Joints of the Body • Ball and Socket Joint: Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone. – Ex. Shoulder and Hip

Joints of the Body • Hinge Joint: Movement at joint in one direction like a door. – Ex. Knee and Elbow

Joints of the Body • Pivot Joint: one bone rotates in the ring of another bone. – Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles

Joints of the Body • Gliding Joint: Bones glide over another bone. – Ex. Knuckles

Problems of the Skeletal System • Fracture: Break • Dislocation: Out of joint

Problems of the Skeletal System • Sprain: Swelling in the joint • Arthritis: Inflamed and stiff joints

Problems of the Skeletal System!! • Scoliosis: Curvature of the spine • Osteoporosis: Brittle bones