Skeletal System 2 00 Understand the bodys support

Skeletal System 2. 00 Understand the body’s support systems 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Bone Formation Osteoblasts- bone forming cells(immature) Osteoclast- absorbs bone tissue during growth/healing Osteocytes-mature bone cells Ossification- hardening of the bone Fontanel- space between bones of the skull from birth to 1 year of age. 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Types of Bones • Flat-protect internal organs • Irregular- protect internal organs • Long-support weight and facilitate movement • Short-provide stability • Sesamoid-embedded in tendons 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Long Bone • Diaphysis • Epiphysis • Medullary Canal • Endosteum • Periosteum • Articular Cartilage 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Axial Skeleton • Spinal Column • Ribs and Sternum • Skull Provides Support, Protection, Movement Storage And aids in blood formation 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Axial Skeletal Structures of the Skull Cranial Bones Facial Skeleton • Top and back of the skull • 8 bones • Support and protect the brain • Makes up the face • 14 bones • Form the entrance to the digestive and respiratory tract.

Axial Skeleton Facial Bones • Skull Cranial Bones 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Axial Skeletal Structures of the Vertebrae and Spine Spinal Column Also called ‘backbone’ Protects spinal cord Provides stiffening of body Transmits weight when Walking and standing.

Axial Skeleton • Spinal Column Remember the number of bones in each by mealtimes Cervical vertebra- 7 (breakfast) Thoracic vertebra- 12 (lunch) Lumbar vertebra- 5 (dinner) Sacrum- 5 fused together Coccyx – 4 fused together 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Axial Skeletal Structures of the rib cage Rib Cage Formed by the sternum, costal cartilage, ribs and thoracic vertebrae. The rib cage protects the organs in the thoracic cavity.

Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Girdle Ilium Ischium Pubis Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Calcaneus 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Joints Diarthroses- type of joint that is freely moveable Ball and socket- allows most movement - hip and shoulder Hinge- can only move in one directionknee and elbow Pivot- allow rotation- wrist and ankle Amphiarthroses-type of joint that is slightly moveable Gliding-allow joint to glide over one another- vertebrae Synarthrosis-Immovable Fixed- No Movement- skull sutures HU 40 Health Science I

Functions of the Skeletal System • Hemopoiesis-makes red blood cells • Mineral Storage-calcium and phosphorus • Movement-voluntary • Protection-vital organs • Support-muscles 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Picture of the pelvis

Fractures • Greenstick- bone is splintered • Most common in small children • Treatment- cast or splint 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Fractures • Simple- bone is broken. Skin intact. Treatment with a cast or splint. 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Fractures Compound- broken bone is protruding through the skin • Most serious type of fracture • Can cause infection of the bone and neighboring tissue 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Fractures Comminuted- bone is splintered into many pieces Treatment-surgery to replace bone fragments May involve external device to hold the fragments together 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Treatment Procedures • Closed reduction = cast or splint • Bony fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast or splint is applied • Open reduction = internal fixation • Through surgical intervention, devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws are used to hold the bone in alignment and a cast or splint may be applied • Traction e • Pulling force used to hold the bones in place, used for fractures of long bones. Involves weights and pulleys to gently pull 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Spinal Defects Curvatures 1. Kyphosis-hunchback-involves thoracic spine 2. Lordosis- swayback- involves lumbar spine 3. Scoliosis- S shaped- involves thoracic and lumbar 4. Spinal bifida – birth defect, incomplete closing of spine 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Arthritic Disorders Arthritis- inflammation of the joints Osteoarthritis as a result of aging and wear and tear on the body Rheumatoid arthritisautoimmune disorder 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Nutritional Deficiencies Rickets – Condition of weak bones in Osteomalacia – Softening of bones from impaired mineralization of bone Gout- crystalized uric acid build up usually in big toe children most common cause Vitamin D deficiency Osteoporosis- softening of the bone making it become porous.

Injuries Bunion Hammertoe

Injuries continued Sprain Whiplash

Works Cited The Long and the Short of It: The Five Types of Bones. (n. d. ) https: //www. visiblebody. com/learn/skeleton/types-of-bones Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System. (n. d. ) Osteoporosis https: //courses. lumenlearning. com/boundless-ap/chapter/diseases-and-disorders-of-the-skeletalsystem/ Nichols. Hannah. (2017). “What are the causes and types of arthritis? ” https: //www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/7621 Normal and Arthritic Joints. Medicine. Net. (2010). https: //www. medicinenet. com/arthritis/article. htm Wikimedia Long Bone July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? search=long+bones&title=Special%3 ASearch&go=Go&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: 603_Anatomy_of_Long_Bone. jpg 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Works Cited Wikimedia Axial Skeleton https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? search=axial+Skeletaon&title=Special%3 ASearch&go=Go &ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Axial_skeleton_diagram. svg Wikimedia Skull July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=File%3 AHuman+skull+front+bon es. svg&title=Special: Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Illu_facial_bones. jp g https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=File%3 AHuman+skull+side+bone s. svg&title=Special: Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Human_skull_side_ simplified_(bones). svg 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Works Cited Wikimedia Spinal Column July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? title=Special: Search&limit=20&offset=0&profile=default &search=spinal+column&advanced. Searchcurrent={}&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Sagittal. Spine. Vectorrecolored. svg Wikimedia Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=human+arm&title=Special: S earch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Human_arm_bones _diagram. svg Wikimedia Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Girdle July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=human+legs&title=Special: S earch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Human_leg_bones_ labeled. svg 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Works Cited Wikimedia Gout July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? search=gout&title=Special%3 ASearch&go=Go&ns 0= 1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms. jpg Wikimedia Osteoporosis July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? search=osteoporosis&title=Special%3 ASearch&go=G o&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Osteoporosis_--_Smart-Servier. jpg Wikimedia Spinal Defects July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=lordosis&title=Special: Searc h&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1&search. Token=azs 4 cn 9070 h 9 bzv hu 8 q 71 nx 2 v#%2 Fmedia%2 FFile%3 AVertebral_column_disorders__Normal_Scoliosis_Lordosis_Kyphosis_--_Smart-Servier. jpg 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I

Works Cited Wikimedia Dislocation July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=dislocation+of+joints+xray&title=Speci al: Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1&search. Token=4 tgxx 9 op 1 alnkxwe 4 p 56 934 gb#%2 Fmedia%2 FFile%3 AAC_Separation_XRAY_%28 enhanced%29. png Wikimedia Fractures July 2020 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? title=Special: Search&limit=20&offset=20&profile=default&sea rch=human+fractures&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: 202007_A_patient_under going_fracture_treatment. svg https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=fractures&title=Special: Search&profile =advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Upper_arm_bone_fractur e_-_Humerus_fracture_--_Smart-Servier. jpg https: //commons. wikimedia. org/w/index. php? sort=relevance&search=fractures&title=Special: Search&profile =advanced&fulltext=1&advanced. Searchcurrent=%7 B%7 D&ns 0=1&ns 6=1&ns 12=1&ns 14=1&ns 100=1&ns 106=1#/media/File: Types_of_fracture. jpg 2. 01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU 40 Health Science I