Sizing up Selenium Lydia Harvengt and Jasmine Meyer

Sizing up Selenium Lydia Harvengt and Jasmine Meyer

The Facts O You need selenium to live O But too much selenium, and you get selenosis O When you get selenosis, your breath will smell like garlic O When your breath smells like garlic, people may think you’re trying to scare away a vampire O When people think you are trying to scare away a vampire, they may peg you as a Twilight fan O Don’t be pegged as a Twilight fan O Watch your selenium intake!

What is selenium?

Natural Form O The most common form in selenium supplements

How much do you need? Upper limit (UL) 400 mcg/ day. RDA 55 mcg/day Food % DV Selenium Ham (3 oz) 60% Macaroni (1 cup) 53% Chicken (3 oz) 31% Egg (1) 21% Break (1 slice whole wheat) 19% National Instututes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Selenium – Dietary Fact Sheet. http: //ods. od. nih. gov/factsheets/Selenium-Health. Professional/ (accessed March, 2, 2014).

Supplements Of Americans take a supplement containing Selenium O Selenium deficiency O Treating Crohn’s disease O Reducing the risk of some cancers O Reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease O Reducing the risk of prostate cancer Men’s Multivitamins

Selenium is Converted to Selenoproteins in the Body O More than 25 selenoproteins are known O Selenoproteins are active in O Reproduction O Thyroid hormone metabolism O DNA synthesis O Protection from damage and infection O Few pathways are understood National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Selenium – Dietary Fact Sheet. http: //ods. od. nih. gov/factsheets/Selenium-Health. Professional/ (accessed March, 2, 2014).

Mechanism of Incorporation

Please use with CAUTION!

WARNING! O Individuals taking medicine for lowering cholesterol, niacin, sedative medications and warfarin should also exercise caution because of potential interference. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicity Profile for Selenium. http: //www. atsdr. cdc. gov/toxprofiles/tp 92. pdf (accessed March 1, 2014),

Characterization spectra O Absorption maxima by UV-VIS O Stretching vibrations from IR spectra O HPLC showing the separation of different forms of selenium O 1 H-NMR

1 H-NMR spectra - Methyl Group - Singlet

1 H-NMR spectra

Key: vs: very strong; s: strong; m: medium; w: weak; vw: very weak; br: broad Parameters Bruker IFS 66 FTIR KBr Pellet Technique 4000 -400 cm-1 IR Spectra Frequency 3165 m 2922 vs 2831 w Nitrogen 1616 vs, br COO 1583 vs, br Nitrogen 1508 vs, br 1444 m COO 1406 vs, br 1360 sh/134 6 s 1315 s 1275 m/126 3 m 1219 vs 1174 m Nitrogen 1150 s 1113 s 1065 m 1022 w/862 s 923 m 903 m 793 s 760 w 727 s/698 s 678 w 638/594 w 577 m 538 vs 420 vs CH 3 -Se

Absorption Spectra (UV-Vis)

HPLC-ICP-MS (A) selenium Yeast Slurry and (B) Selenolife Yeast Tablet Prepared from the Yeast Slurry. (1) Selenomethionine Seoxide (2) S-(methylseleno)cysteine, (3) Selenomethionine

So… where do I find selenium? O Jar of Dirt Video?

Natural Processing Soil Plants Animals Humans

Organic Form Production Methionine is transformed to the organic form of Selenium by replacing a sulfur atom with a selenium atom. When in the organic form, selenium is regularly absorbed by soil and easily digested. Christensen, K. Selenium – the Essential Trace Mineral. http: //www. goatbiology. com/selenium. html (Accessed on March 2, 2014).

Supplement Processing Cultured in Sodium Selenite When cultured, the inorganic forms only make up 1% of the product. The rest of the product can be made into supplements. Images From: http: //en. angelyeast. com/contents/1309/20169. html http: //www. globalsources. com/gsol/I/Foodadditive/p/sm/1078107359. htm#1078107359 Baran, E. J. ; Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. B, A. Chem. Sci. 2005, 60, 663 -666.

Conclusion O Selenium is necessary O Selenium supplements (generally) are not necessary in America

Questions?