Six degrees of separation Social Networking for Learning

摘要 • 社群網站之定義, 趨勢與現象 • 社群網站發展史 • Six degrees of separation • 社群網站優勢 • Social Networking for Learning and Using research •

From Youtube • • A Brief History of Communication, 2011 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. Dkxs. Nm. KDGk The Evolution of Communication, 2011 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Li. Karb. AMUjs Social Network Service, SNS, 2013 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ap 4 Py. KYba. Uk How Social Networks Have Changed The World!, 2013 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=tr. H 4 iuebjj. I

Six Degrees of Separation • Six degrees of separation is theory that everyone and everything is six or fewer steps away, by way of introduction, from any other person in the world, so that a chain of "a friend of a friend" statements can be made to connect any two people in a maximum of six steps. • It was originally set out by Frigyes Karinthy and popularized by a play written by John Guare.

Six degrees of separation

Continued research: Small World Project • In 2003, Columbia University conducted an analogous experiment on social connectedness amongst Internet email users. • Their effort was named the Columbia Small World Project, and included 24, 163 e-mail chains, aimed at 18 targets from 13 different countries around the world. • Almost 100, 000 people registered, but only 384 (3%) reached the final target.

Social Networking for Learning • Medical students’ use of Facebook to support learning: Insights from four case studies, Medical Teacher, 2010 • Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, JCAL, 2013 • Understanding Uses’ Attitudes toward Mobile Learning Environments, SEME 2014

Medical students’ use of Facebook to support learning: Insights from four case studies • KATHLEEN GRAY, LUCAS ANNABELL & GREGOR KENNEDY • Medical Teacher, 2010; 32: 971– 976 • Background: Recent research indicates that university students are interested and active in supporting their learning by using Facebook, a popular social networking website.

• Aim: This study aimed to add to our understanding of how or how effectively students may be using Facebook for this purpose. • Method: Researchers surveyed the extent and key features of Facebook use among 759 medical students at one university, and explored in depth the design and conduct of four Facebook study groups.

• Results: 25. 5% of students reported using Facebook for education related reasons and another 50. 0% said they were open to doing so. • The case studies showed conservative approaches in students’ efforts to support their development of medical knowledge, skills and attributes in this way. • Both technological affordances and group dynamics were factors contributing to groups’ mixed successes.

• Conclusion: These cases indicate that using Facebook as part of learning and teaching is as much of a challenge for many students as it may be for most educators.

Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technologyenhanced learning environment • S. Manca* & M. Ranieri† • Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2013 • The educational value of Facebook has not been fully determined, and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory, with some scholars emphasizing its pedagogical affordances (e. g. , widening context of learning, mixing information and learning resources) and others cautioning against its use for educational purposes.

• Moreover, systematic reviews about documented educational usage of Facebook as a learning environment are lacking. • This article attempts to provide a critical overview of current studies focusing on the use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, with the aim of exploring the extent to which its pedagogical potential is actually translated into practice.

• The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search that identified 23 relevant articles that were subsequently analysed according to a simplified list of guidelines. These articles were further analysed and recoded through a set of emerging categories. • The results show that pedagogical affordances of Facebook have only been partially implemented and that there are still many obstacles that may prevent a full adoption of Facebook as a learning environment such as implicit institutional, teacher and student pedagogies, and cultural issues.

Understanding Uses’ Attitudes toward Mobile Learning Environments • 2014 International Conference on Social Education and Management Engineering (SEME 2014) • Liaw, S. S. , Huang, H. M. , & Hsing, K. T. • The research is to understand learners’ attitudes toward mobile learning environments that based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) approach. • From the concept of SCT, personal factors can be viewed as perceived self-efficacy and self-regulation; environmental factors include perceived ease of use and interactive learning environments; and behavioral factors are perceived usefulness and perceived behavioral intention.

• A questionnaire survey is collected 159 responders after they all use mobile learning systems for one month. • After statistical analyses, perceived ease of use is the best predictor on perceived usefulness. • And self-regulation, interactive learning, and selfefficacy are all significant predictors on perceived usefulness. • Furthermore, perceived usefulness is a significant predictor on behavioral intention toward using mobile learning environments.

Self-efficacy Self-regulation Usefulness Ease of use Interactive The research model Behavioral intention

Prediction Ease of usefulness self-regulation usefulness Interactive learning usefulness self-efficacy usefulness Usefulness behavioral intention Β 0. 59 0. 27 0. 24 R 2 0. 69 0. 07 0. 03 p <0. 01 -0. 10 0. 72 0. 01 0. 52 <0. 05 <0. 01