Situational awareness and voyage monitoring NTOU MERCHANT MARINE

Situational awareness and voyage monitoring NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Technical questions 1. Define situational awareness. 2. What is the difference between situational awareness and voyage monitoring? 3. What devices do we use to maintain situational awareness? What techniques? 4. Define ambiguity? 5. List items/factors that impede situational awareness. 6. How is voyage planning essential to voyage monitoring? NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Case study • Royal Majesty (fig. 4 -1) • USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) (fig. 4 -2 & 4 -3) NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Situational awareness defined • Situational awareness is having an accurate perception of what is going on around you. • First: to understand where we should be and compare that with where we really are. • Second: compare what is happening with what should be happening. NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Basic technique of voyage monitoring • To use the plan and procedure we developed earlier and compare that plan with our existing circumstances. 1. Do we know, really know , our position, course and speed? 2. Are we fully aware of equipment deficiencies and anticipated hazards to navigation? 3. Did we follow our checklists completely? NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

4. Are we paying attention to changes in weather, current, and state of tide? 5. Is the ship reacting as we expect it to under the conditions we have? 6. If we are using a pilot, have we reached a comprehensive understanding with him about our intended actions? 7. Is the crew alert, oriented, and paying attention? NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Basic technique of voyage monitoring • The interrelationship is also part of voyage monitoring: staying aware of the overall picture. • Concentrating too much on one aspect of our voyage while ignoring other aspects such as weather or position will lead to loss of overall situational awareness. NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Experience and ambiguity • Seaman’s eye. • A sailor’s past experience has value. • The sailor’s sixth sense is a legitimate BRM tool: if it doesn’t seem right, it probably isn’t right. NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Experience and ambiguity • Ambiguity: when things we have planned anticipated do not match what we are experiencing. 1. Resolve the discrepancy in plotted positions, 2. Clarify communications among the bridge team members, 3. Determine why the current is not behaving as forecast. NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN

Discussion questions 1. What motivated Royal Majesty’s second mate to lie to his captain? 2. Have you ever been confused while underway? What did you do about it? 3. Do you think the number of people on Eisenhower’s bridge contributed to the collision? How? 4. Do you use multiple methods of navigation (e. g. radar and GPS; visual bearings and dead reckoning)? Do you compare them? How often? NTOU MERCHANT MARINE LIOU, CHIAN