SITE AERIALSCISSOR LIFT TRAINING SITE AERIAL LIFT TRAINING

SITE AERIAL/SCISSOR LIFT TRAINING

SITE AERIAL LIFT TRAINING n n n About 26 construction workers die each year from using aerial lifts. More than half of the deaths involve boom-supported lifts, such as bucket trucks and cherry pickers. Most others involve scissor lifts. Electrocutions, falls, and tip-overs cause most of the deaths.

Other Causes of Injuries n n Include being caught between the lift bucket or guardrail and object (such as steel beams or joists) and being struck by falling objects. A worker can also be catapulted out of a bucket, if the boom or bucket is struck by something.

This can lead to a fatality

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Course Objectives During the next few hours you will be guided through: n Regulations and where they come from n Pre-shift Inspections – Job site Inspections n Types of Aerial Lifts n Stability and Capacity n Written Test. n Practical (hands 0 n). n (Time and Weather Permitting)

Regulations n n Regulations are rules that are mandated by law. Like all laws, regulations must be followed at all times without exception. If they are not followed, serious consequences may result.

Industrial Standards n OSHA refers to the following industry standards in relation to aerial lifts: n n The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) The Scaffold Industry Association (SIA) Applicable Standards are: n ANSI/SIA- A 92. 5: Boom Supported Elevating Work Platforms n ANSI/SIA- A 92. 6: Self Propelled Elevating Work Platforms

Company/Employer Policy n n n A company policy is a rule developed, implemented and enforced by the company. Company policy is very specific to the worksite and is usually designed to address a situation for which no federal or state regulations exist. A company policy cannot cancel out any regulations, and regulatory authorities expect employers to enforce company policy.

Manufacturer’s Instructions n n The wording in regulations and industry standards contains many references to operating and maintenance instructions supplied by the manufacturers. As an operator, the importance of becoming familiar with the location and contents of your equipment manufacturer’s operating manual is vital!

Information Box

THE RULES Regulations Federal State (OSHA) (Where Applicable) Manufacturer’s Instructions/ Recommendations Standards ANSI SIA Site-Specific Policies & Procedures

Specific Rules and Responsibilities n n n Be authorized to operate the equipment Know your unit Inspect your aerial lift Inspect your job site Operate safely n Operators are responsible for the safety of everyone working on the platform. Ensure everyone is properly tied off and body parts are inside the basket.

Question? What are regulations? a) b) c) d) Voluntary safety guidelines developed and enforced by industry representatives Company policies implemented by business and industry Mandatory safety and health laws administered and enforced by government agencies Safety rules and instructions enforced by equipment manufacturers

Other Names Of Boomlifts/Scissorlifts n n n Boomlifts Man Lifts Cherry Pickers Articulated Booms Straight Mast Booms Narrow Aisle Booms Slab Booms Vertical Aerial Platforms Vertical lifts

Types of Scissorlifts Vertical Lift Rough Terrain Narrow Aisle Scissorlift Slab Type

Two Basic types of Aerial Lifts 1) Self-Propelled: § § § Aerial platforms (Scissor/Vertical lift) The platform cannot be positioned completely beyond the base Used to position personnel, their tools and material at work locations

Two Basic types of Aerial Lifts 2) Boom Supported: § § § A boom supported aerial work platform (Boomlift/JLG) Has a platform that can be positioned completely beyond the base Used to position personnel, their tools and material at work locations.

Types of Boomlifts Articulated Boomlifts: § Have gained in popularity over the last 10 years. § They easily handle narrow aisles and they can get up and over obstacles to place personnel and their tools in areas a straight mast can’t. § Capacities form 500 to 1000 lbs. Powered as the straight mast types by gas, gas/propane, diesel or electric DC motors.

Types of Boomlifts Straight Mast Booms: § Perhaps 75% of all Boomlifts that have been manufactured to date are of the straight mast type. Suitable for working outdoors and operating over rough ground. § The narrow width units are best when working in confined areas such as congested warehouses or performing refinery pipeline maintenance. § They have a load capacity of 500 to 1000 lbs. and can be powered by Gas, Propane, gas/propane or diesel. Every once in a while you may come across a unit powered by electric motors, these are designed for special applications.

Required Components 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) A manufacturer’s operating manual. Manual of Responsibilities Operational Ground Controls Emergency Stop Controls Slope Warning Device Max Load Capacity on Platform Certificate of Annual Inspection Manufacturer’s Anchor Points Operational Controls (“hold to run” type) An Auxiliary/Manual Lowering System (Power Loss)

Platform Section Scissorlift Guardrail Tie-Off Rings Upper Control Station Midrail Access Opening Toeboards

Scissor Lifts Upper Controls Platform & Rails Scissor Arms Lift Cylinder Steering Wheels Drive Wheels Motor Lower Controls

Platform Controls (Scissor Lift)

Question ? n n What does Pothole Protection mean to you? It is a device on scissor lifts that will lower when the platform reaches a certain height; it provides support to the unit if one of the tires loses contact with the working surface.

Pot Hole Protection

General Information on Scissor/Vertical lifts Wheelbase Widths One area of concern is with the unit’s wheelbase, It may be too wide in tight areas and you may have to take measurements of the area that you will be working. Scissorlifts come in 30” to 10’ wheelbase widths, and have both a Platform and Working Height 26’ Platform Height 20’

Straight Mast Boomlift Parts Platform Control Box Boom Assembly Foot Switch Lift Cylinder Swing Bearing Ground Control Turntable Drive Wheels Steering Wheels

Articulated Boomlift Main Boom Platform Control Upright Platform & Foot Switch Rotator Main Lift Cylinder Level Cylinder Upright Level Cylinder Tower Boom Lower Lift Cylinder Turntable Swing Bearing Drive Wheel Ground Controls Steering Wheel

Platform Controls (Boom Lift)

Question ? What kind of boomlift is best utilized when working in narrow aisles and up & over racking systems? 1. 2. 3. Standard width Straight mast boomlift Articulated up & over boomlift Narrow width Straight mast boomlift

Question ? 1. 2. 3. 4. Your about to begin operating a boomlift/Scissorlift with a 40’ maximum platform height…what is the unit’s maximum working height? 46’ 34’ 42’ 48’

Inspections n Regulations require that several types of inspections be performed when operating aerial lifts. These inspections break down into the following classifications: n n Frequent Annual Pre-start Workplace

Inspections n Frequent: n n n In service for 3 months or 150 operating hours. Out of service for a period longer than 3 months Purchased used, unless documentation of current inspections is available n This inspection must be performed by a person who is qualified as a mechanic on the specific make and model of aerial lift.

Annual n Must occur annually by a person who is qualified as a mechanic on the specific make and model of aerial lift. n Significantly more in depth than a frequent inspection and involves testing more critical components required by the manufacturer.

Pre-Start / Pre-Use n You must perform a pre-start inspection of your aerial lift at the following times: Remember: Most n At the start of the shift users are not n Before use each day mechanics so Includes checking for: they must look ü Obvious visible damage for the obvious ü Loose, Missing, broken, and damaged parts ü ü ü Properation of all powered systems Leaks of any kind The manufacturer’s operating and maintenance manuals. The appropriate ANSI/SIA manual of Responsibilities Other items related to the integrity and safe operation of the unit

Internal Components n Check Pans for signs of Leaks Hydraulic System Fuel Tank

Inspections Make sure that the aerial lift is in an area that is safe and appropriate for conducting a preuse inspection. Remember, if you uncover anything during your inspection that you believe presents a significant risk of injury, lock out and tag the unit as unusable and report your findings to your supervisor or employee representative.

Workplace Inspection Along with the pre-use inspection you are also required to conduct a workplace inspection of the area in which you intend to use the equipment. Inspect your area for: n ü ü ü ü Drop-offs or holes Bumps and floor/ground obstructions Debris Overhead obstructions/energized power lines Hazardous locations Ground surfaces and support conditions Pedestrian/vehicle traffic Wind and weather conditions

Questions ? n a) b) c) d) Who is responsible for conducting the pre-use and worksite inspections? The crew The Foreman The Operator The Qualified Mechanic

Pre-Operational Inspection Form and Boom/Scissorlift Components n n The instructor will review the inspection sheet during the practical portion of the course. On the following slides we will find the main parts of the Boom/Scissorlift, their locations and purposes. They are the BASE SECTION, ELEVATING SECTION, AND PLATFORM SECTION.

The Base Section The base section will have the Drive Wheels & Axle, Counterweight System, Steering Wheel & Axle, Lower Controls, Tires & Wheels, Turret Turntable, and turntable lock-pin.

Drive Wheels & Axle § § In order to obtain the best possible traction when traveling over rough ground, the boomlift platform should be over the drive wheels and axle. This is due to the leverage forces on the drive wheels by the boomlift platform plus the weight of the workmen and their tools and materials. Steering Wheels Drive Wheels For maximum traction keep the platform over drive wheels

Tires § Tires are available with different types of tread design and fill agent. § Traction Tread- characterized by a deep, directional tread for rough terrain applications. § Farm Implement- designed to ride on top of typical surfaces found in the agricultural industry. § Slab application/Solid- Designed for use on hard, flat surfaces available in white/grey “non-marking” varieties

Fill Agents n Pneumatic n n Nitrogen n n Filled with compressed air that must be maintained at a specific pressure recommended by the manufacturer Will not react with other elements and therefore will not contribute to oxidation (rusting) or support combustion (fire). They also last longer and maintain their pressure longer than regular pneumatics. Liquid-filled n Commonly referred to as ballast or hydrofill, these tires are filled with a liquid compound (calcium chloride and water). This compound weighs approximately 3. 5 times more than water and will not freeze in low temps. Calcium chloride is a hazardous material that presents a bodily and environmental hazards. Handling tires w/ Ca. CL must be conducted by trained and qualified personnel.

Fill Agents n Foam-Filled n n Urethane-Filled n n These are tires that are filled with a foamy, liquid compound that once added, solidifies over one to three days. This foam is available in various weights and densities. Other solid tires are filled with urethane, a derivative of rubber. Foam and Urethane filled tires will not go flat when punctured, which is a significant design advantage over air and liquid-filled types.

What’s This?

Do’s And Don’ts Of Boomlift And Scissorlift Operation n n Do limit travel speed according to conditions of ground surface, congestion of worksite, visibility, slope, grade, location of personnel, or any other factors causing hazards of collision or injury to personnel. Do maintain a clear view of the path of travel when elevated.

Do’s And Don’ts Of Boomlift Operation n n Do maintain a safe distance from obstacles, debris, drop-offs, holes, depressions, ramps, and other possible hazards when elevated. Don’t stunt drive or horseplay. Do shut down the boomlift/Scissorlift if any malfunction is suspected, report the malfunction immediately and lockout the boomlift. Don’t use planks, ladders or other devices on the boomlift platform in order to achieve any additional height or reach.

Scissorlift Operating Procedure Do not travel on a grade with the platform in an elevated position.

Energized Power Lines and Parts § § It is mandatory that the operator of the Boomlift/Scissorlift ensures that the minimum safe approach distances (M. S. A. D. ) to energized power lines and parts is maintained during the entire operation of the boomlift. Operators must assume all electrical parts and wiring are ENERGIZED unless proven otherwise.

Energized Power Lines and Parts VOLTAGE RANGE Phase to Phase 0 to 300 V Over 300 V to 50 KV Over 50 KV to 200 KV Over 200 KV to 350 KV Over 350 KV to 500 KV Over 500 KV to 750 KV Over 750 KV to 1000 KV MINIMUM SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE (Feet) (Meters) 10 15 20 25 35 45 AVOID CONTACT 3. 05 4. 60 6. 10 7. 62 10. 67 13. 72

Question ? § a) b) c) d) Which of the following devices may be used to achieve greater “reach” when the scissor/boomlift is fully extended? OSHA approved Ladder OSHA approved scaffold planks OSHA approved bucket Nothing can be used

Turret Turntable § § Is the structural platform that supports the elevating section and the platform section. It is connected to the base section by it’s rotary manifold and gears.

Elevating Section § § The Lift Cylinders The Mast Section usually contains two or three different sections that fit one into the other.

Counterweight System § Consists of the Counterweight itself, the Turntable assembly for (boomlift) which includes components of the motor and hydraulic systems, the structural components which make up the base frame, plus tires and wheels.

Lower (Emergency) Controls Shall be readily accessible from the ground, are usually located on the turntable (boomlift). The position and identity of the controls will be clearly marked on the boomlift/scissorlift itself for easy location and use. The Lower Controls can override the upper controls. Only trained and authorized personnel can operate the Boom/Scissorlift controls.

Lower Controls

Important Note The lower controls should only be used during the following conditions: 1. During pre-shift checkout functions of lower controls. 2. To override the upper controls to gain access to the boomlift operator in the event of an emergency. 3. Only after you have been given permission to operate a boomlift function by the boomlift operator. 4. By a qualified mechanic during repairs or performing maintenance of the boomlift.

Platform Boomlift § Guardrails must be able to withstand 300 lbs of weight applied in a downward position; mid-rail should be mid way between platform and top rail.

Platform Safety § § Always know the weight of your load. Never try to lift or load the platform in excess of the capacity indicated on the platform Stay within the boomlift operating limits. Foot control for boomlifts must operate free and not stick or bind.

Stability and Capacity Characteristics n n The capabilities and limitations of your aerial lift in relation to stability and capacity are easy to remain within when you understand how the factors involved affect the operation of the unit. These factors are: n n Leverage Center of Gravity Motion Unit Configuration

Fulcrum Point of balance Platform can rotate 90 degrees Level Surface Fulcrum Point Machine will upset in this direction if overloaded or on unlevel surface Main boom fully retracted and level

Fulcrum Point Straight Mast Boom Fully extended Horizontal (0 degrees) Machine will upset in this direction if overloaded or on out-of-level surface Fulcrum Point

Fulcrum Point Articulated Boom Machine will upset in this direction if operated on an out-oflevel surface or if the tower boom upright is placed beyond this position Main Boom Fully Retracted Upright Level Surface Fulcrum Point

Center of Gravity § § § The Center of Gravity of an object is the point at which all forces of gravity are equal. To relate this to an aerial lift, the CG of the unit and CG of the load placed in the platform join to form a combined center of gravity. The point at which the combined center of gravity is located is always shifting as the platform is operating in or out, up or down, forwards or backwards, and rotating left or rotating right. Center of Gravity Boomlift counterweight System Combined Center of Gravity of Load

Motion n When you put your aerial lift into motion, certain dynamic forces act on the CG as the unit’s weight distribution shifts. In fact, if you think of the CG as representing the weight of the unit, it must remain within the area between the wheels in order for the unit to remain upright. If for any reason the CG is forced outside this defined area, the machine will tip over.

What affects the CG? n Actions such as: Stopping n Turning n Moving Forward n Reversing * All act on the CG and affect stability. The more sudden , severe or abrupt the action is, the more adverse an effect it will have on stability. n

Slope Warning System n A system that activates an audible and/or visual alarm whenever the base goes off level by more than five degrees or a lesser amount specified by the manufacturer.

Scissorlift Extension Deck § Deck extension provide the operator greater reach capability and the operator should be aware that the deck has a restricted load capacity rating. § If the scissorlift is fully extended, and the operator cannot reach the work location, he will have to use a lift with greater reach or a Boomlift. No planks or ladders can be used in the platform. Deck Extension

Load Charts

DATA PLATE

Sideslopes & Grade § § Boom/Scissorlifts are generally intended to be used on a flat level surface. When traveling over a long distance it is advisable to lock the turntable (if it equipped with one). Keep the boom mast retracted and keep the operator platform at or below the horizontal position with the ground. The boom/scissorlift should not be driven on grades or sideslopes exceeding those specified on caution placards or indicated on Operations Manual.

Information on Different Fuels Propane (LPG) and Batteries § § Typical fuels used to power boomlifts are gasoline and diesel. Additional sources that have become increasingly popular are Propane and Battery. DISCUSS: § What advantages do propane and battery power offer that gasoline and diesel do not? ?

Common Sense Safety Practices When Working With Fuels n n Never fill the fuel tank of a boomlift with the engine running. Never smoke or have the boomlift near an open flame when filling the fuel tank. If fuel is spilled, Clean it up immediately and report it to Safety. A COP Environmental Spill form may need to be generated. Never mistakenly put fuel into the hydraulic tank.

Propane § Unlike other fuels, propane is a gas stored under pressure in a liquid form. This pressure works to our advantage. For instance, a fuel pump is not needed to move propane to the engine. In the event the fuel system develops a leak, a flame or spark could ignite a leak, if that happens, a fire or an explosion could result.

Changing/Charging/Adding a Fuel Source n n In some areas the handling of certain fuels may require specific training and certification beyond the scope of this training program. Safe fueling generally comes down to observing three things: 1. Make sure the unit is shutdown and secure. n 2. Make sure your wearing the required PPE. n 3. Make sure your familiar with the manufacturers instructions regarding safe fueling procedures, including the type and grade of fuel used and the location of the fuel filler spout. * Working with batteries requires a higher level of PPE. n

Batteries Chemicals n n § § Lead Antimony Lead Peroxide Sulfuric Acid Hydrogen vapor is produced during the charging process; for this reason, there must be adequate ventilation in the battery charging area. If the operator has come into contact with battery acid, He/she must rinse the area immediately and report to the clinic. ALWAYS REFER TO THE OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL TO VERIFY THE LOCATION OF THE CHARGER UNIT AND THE PROPER RECHARGING PROCEDURES FOR YOUR AERIAL LIFT WORK PLATFORM

Parking and Shutdown n n n Whenever possible, park the unit on firm, level ground. Retract and lower all boom/platform sections. Shutdown the main power source (engine/battery) Remove key(s). Lock all access panels/filler caps. Chock the wheels if the unit is left on a grade. Switch main power source selector to off position and lock