Sisteme de transmisiuni SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ALCATEL

Sisteme de transmisiuni SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) ALCATEL 1641 SM

Ierarhii digitale în sistemele de transmisiuni SDH (ITU-T) PDH (CEPT) STM-64 STM-16 STM- 4 STM- 1 10 Gbit/s 2, 5 Gbit/s 622 Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s 52 Mbit/s (STS-1) 140 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s 45 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s 6 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 1, 5 Mbit/s 64 kbit/s SONET (USA) PDH (ANSI)

PDH (Plesyochronous Digital Hierarchy) Nivel ierarhic 1 2 3 4 Rata binare (Kbit/s) 64 1. 544 6. 312 32. 064 97. 728 44. 736 Japonia USA 64 2. 048 8. 448 34. 368 139. 264 Europa

Soluţia SDH Flexibilitate (vizibilitate tributare) - structura cadrului simplificată Managementul reţelei Mai puţin echipament Interfeţe cu toate nivelele PDH şi cu reţelele ATM Uşor de adaptat la rate binare mai mari SDH Protecţia reţelei Independent de producător

Structura cadrului STM-1 Durata transmisiei unui cadru = 125 sec (8 KHz) Rata transmisiei = 9 x 270 octeti x 8 biti/octet x 8 KHz = 155. 520 Kbit/s 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 SOH 270 Payload SOH = Section Over. Head / 9 coloane x 9 rânduri de octeţi Payload = 261 coloane x 9 rânduri de octeţi

4. Structura de multiplexare ETSI PTR SOH STM 1 SOH x 1 AUG x 4 POH C 4 AU 4 STM 4 x 16 VC 4 x 3 PTR TUG 3 POH C 3 TU 3 VC 3 x 7 SOH STM 16 TUG 2 x 64 SOH STM 64 x 3 C 3 44736 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s C 12 2048 kit/s PTR POH C 12 TU 12 STM 1 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 1 SDH STM 4 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 2 SDH STM 16 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 3 SDH STM 64 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 4 SDH Multiplexare octet cu octet 139264 kbit/s VC 12 1 x 155520 = 155520 kbit/s) 4 x 155520 = 622080 kbit/s) 16 x 155520 = 2488320 kbit/s) 64 x 155520 = 9953280 kbit/s)

4. Multiplexarea în SDH PTR SOH STM 1 SOH x 1 AUG x 4 POH C 4 AU 4 VC 4 STM 4 x 16 x 3 PTR TUG 3 POH C 3 TU 3 VC 3 x 7 SOH STM 16 TUG 2 x 64 SOH STM 64 C 4 x 3 C 3 44736 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s C 12 2048 kit/s PTR POH C 12 TU 12 C = Container VC = Virtual Container PTR = Pointer POH = Path Over. Head STM = Synchronous Transport Module 139264 kbit/s VC 12 TU = Tributary Unit TUG = Tributary Unit Group AU = Administrative Unit SOH = SDH Over. Head SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

Structura multiplexului STM-1 x 1 140 M C-4 VC-4 x 1 AU-4 x 3 VC-3 34 M (45) TU-3 C-2 TU-2 2 M C-12 1, 5 M C-11 x 3 x 7 VC-3 VC-2 VC-11 TU-12 TU-11 STM-1 TUG-3 x 1 6 M AUG x 7 TUG-2 x 3 AU-3 x 4 Standard ETSI Standard SONET Ci = container VC = Virtual Container TU = Tributary Unit TUG = Tributary Unit Group AU = Administrativ Unit AUG = Administrativ Unit Group STM = Synchronous Transport Module

Structura multiplexului SDH POH Pointer Payload RSOH PTR VC-4 Payload MSOH TUG-3 TUG-2 RSOH = Regenerator Section Over. Head MSOH = Multiplex Section Over. Head PTR = Pointer TU-12

Sectiuni de regenerare si de multiplexare SDH Multiplexer Regenerator Sectiune de regenerare RSOH Sectiune de multiplexare MSOH Cale POH = Path Over. Head SDH Multiplexer Sectiune de regenerare RSOH Sectiune de multiplexare MSOH

SECTION - PATH Section 1 Section 2 STM 1 STM 4 2 Mbit/s Path 2 Path 1 STM 4 2 Mbit/s SECTION = Linkul dintre două echipamente PATH = Setul de linkuri din reţea între două puncte de acces cu semnal PDH 2 Mbit/s

Sectiuni de regenerare si de multiplexare Terminal | Cross-connect Multiplexer POH SOH C VC R STM-N C Terminal | Cross-connect Multiplexer SOH POH R Sectiune de regenerare (RSOH) C VC C STM-N VC Sectiune de regenerare (RSOH) Sectiune de multiplexare (MSOH) Trail - PATH C = Container VC = Virtual Container POH = Path Over. Head SOH = Section Over. Head RSOH = Regeneration Section Over. Head MSOH = Multiplexing Section Over. Head STM-N = Synchronous Tramsport Module - N R = Regenerator / folosit pentru managementul căii de transmisie / / folosit pentru managementul secţiunii de regenerare/ / folosit pentru managementul secţiunii de multiplexare/

Path/ POH - Path Over. Head Lower Order Path Higher Order Path Multiplex Section Regenerator Sections VC-12 VC-3 VC-1 VC-2 VC-4 STM-N RSOH Reg. VC-4 VC-3 VC-12 VC-4 VC-1 VC-2 STM-N RSOH STM-N / MSOH VC-3 - 45 M/VC 4 / POH VC - 1/2/12/3 -34 M / POH

Structura cadrului STM-1 Durata transmisiei unui cadru = 125 sec (8 KHz) Rata transmisiei = 9 x 270 octeti x 8 biti/octet x 8 KHz = 155. 520 Kbit/s 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 270 RSOH P AU pointer O C 4 H MSOH RSOH = Regenerator Section Over. Head MSOH = Multiplexer Section Over. Head PTR = Pointer Administrative Unit SOH = Section Over. Head (RSOH+PTR+MSOH) VC 4 Număr de octeţi = 2430 Payload : 2340 octeţi (149760 Mbit/s)

SOH - SECTION Over. Head Sincronizare cadru A 1 A 1 A 2 B 1 E 1( D 1 D 2 A 2 Identificare nivel STM-N C 1 RSOH Antet pentru F 1 sectiunea de regenerare D 3 Pointerii unitatii administrative PTR-AU Supraveghere Q. 821 B 2 B 2 B 2 APS k 1 pentru securitate D 4 D 5 D 7 Informatii destinate echipamentului D 8(D 4 -D 12) de supraveghere D 10 S 1 D 11 Z 1 Z 2 k 2 D 6 D 9 D 12 Z 2 E 2 ( MSOH Antet pentru sectiunea de multiplexare

SOH A 1, A 2 = Aliniament cadru A 1: 11110110 A 2: 00101000 C 1: Identificator STM - identifica nivelul STM (valoarea binara a multicoloanei) D 1 -D 12 : DCC = Data Communication Channel 0 D 1 -D 3 - canal de 192 kbit/s pentru RSOH D 4 -D 12 - canal de 576 kbit/s pentru MSOH E 1, E 2 canal de serviciu (audio) pentru RSOH, respectiv MSOH F 1 octet rezervat, la dispozitia utilizatorului B 1, B 2 : BIP (Bit Interleaved Parity) pentru monitorizare erori

SOH k 1, k 2 = folosiţi pentru protocolul de protecţie a secţiunii de multiplexare (MSP) şi comutarea automată pe protecţie (APS = Automatic Protection Switching) k 2 (biţi 678) 000 : Operare normală 110 : MS_RDI (Multiplex Section Remote Defect Indication) 111 : MS_AIS (Multiplex Section Alarm Indication Signal) S 1 = informare privind starea de sincronizare a echipamentului distant S 1 (biţii 5 - 8) 0000 calitate necunoscută 0010 G 811 (10 ) 0100 G 812 transit (2. 10) 1000 G 812 local (10) 1011 SETS (Sourcs of the synchronization equipment clock signals) 1111 nefolosit pentru sincronizare

POH (Path Over. Head)/ VC-4, VC-3 VC-4 POH J 1 B 3 C 2 G 1 F 2 H 4 F 3 K 3 N 1 C 4 J 1 = Path trace (check that the path connexion with the transmitter is maintened) B 3 (BIP-8) = Byte Indicator Parity 8 bits) C 2 = Signal label (indicates the composition of C 4) G 1 = Status of the opposite path termination F 2, F 3 = Service channels H 4 = A specific use of VC 4 - multiframe indicator (VC 11, VC 12, VC 2) - ATM K 3 = APS Automatic Protection Switching channel N 1 = Dual connexion monitoring function (bits 1 to 4) Data link (bits 5 to 8)

POH / VC-4, VC-3 C 2 “byte mapping code” VC-4 POH J 1 B 3 C 2 G 1 F 2 H 4 F 3 K 3 N 1 C 4 Cod hexa 00 01 02 03 04 Semnificatie Neechipat Echipament ne-specific Structura TUG “Locked” TU Mapare asincrona a 34. 368 si 44. 736 kbi/s in C 3 12 Mapare asincrona a 139. 264 kbit/s in C 4 13 ATM 14 MAN (DQDB) 15 FDDI FE mapare a semnalului de test FF semnal VC-AIS

VC-4 POH / G 1 Status of the opposite path termination VC-4 POH J 1 B 3 C 2 G 1 F 2 H 4 F 3 K 3 N 1 G 1 : C 4 R E I RDI reserved REI : Remote Error Indication (număr de erori detectate) (FEBE = Far End Block Error in operation software) RDI : Remote Defect Indication (întreruperea căii) (FERF = Far End Receive Failure in operation software) spare

VC-1, VC-2 (Virtual Container) Unitate tributara 1 2 n+2 1 2 n V 1 V 5 J 2 V 3 n+2 1 2 V 4 TU-11 TU-12 TU-2 25 34 106 V 1, V 2, V 3, V 4 = pointeri la VC-11, VC-12, VC-2 V 5 = POH V 2 n+2 1 2 n+2 Container virtual Z 6 Z 7 BIP-2 FEBE Signal label FEBF BIP = Bit Interleaved Parity-2 FEBE = Indicator eroare bloc FEBF = Indicator eroare - cerere comutare pe rezerva Siganl Label: 000 = neechipat 001 = echipat ne-specific 010 = asincron 011 = sinronizare pe bit 100 = sincronizare pe octet

Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 1. SMT = Synchronous Multiplexer Terminal 63 x 2 M | 3 x 34 M | 1 x 140 Mbit/s 252 x 2 M | 12 x 34 M | 4 x 140 M| 4 x 155 Mbit/s TMX 1 155 Mbit/s TMX 4 622 Mbit/s

Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 2. ADM = Add/Drop Multiplexer [SMA = Synchronous Multiplexer Add/Dro] (1+1) 155 Mbit/s| (1+1) SMA 1 63 x 2 M 155 Mbit/s 3 x 34 M 1 x 140 M|

Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 3. Comutator/Repartitor sincron 3. 1. CX = Cross-Connect 155 Mbit/s [622 Mbit/s] 140 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s Cross-Connect STM -1 [STM - 4]

Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 3. Comutator/Repartitor sincron 3. 2. Repartitor Cross-Connect 155 Mbit/s 622 Mbit/s Cross-Connect STM -1 [STM - 4]

• • CVRN B CNVR A ESCT Tributary - Protection STM 1 CRU STM 1 Tributary 3 x 34 M Tributary - Spare Tributary 21 x 2 M AUX/EOW Echipamentul sistemului ALCATEL 1641 SM AUX/EOW = AUXiliary board and Engineering Order Wire – management SOH si POH Tributary 21 x 2 M = 21 x 2 Mbps tributary board – inserţie-extragere de tributar 2 M Tributary 34/5 x 2 = 3 x 34 Mbps + 5 x 2 Mbps transmux board inserţie-extragere de tributar 2 M managementul cadrelor STM 1 = STM 1 aggregate board – managementul sincronizării CRU = Clock Reference Unit – – ESCT or CPU = Equipment controlling board or Control Processor Unit configurare şi superviziune alimentare electrică CNVR = converter board –

Diagrama funcţională a sistemului ALCATEL 1641 SM Configurare şi superviziune CPU / ESCT Managementul antetelor Aux/Eow WEST Aggregate Convertor Tributary Protection EAST Aggregate Add-Drop Tributaries Synchronisation CRU

Managementul sistemelor ALCATEL 1641 SM • Funcţii de management – configurare echipament, – configurare conexiuni, – monitorizarea performanţelor, – localizarea defecţiunilor, – informaţii de stare şi alarme, – configurarea criteriilor de alarme, – managementul memoriei, – funcţii administrative de sistem, – managementul sincronizării, – încărcarea de software.

Configurarea căilor WEST EAST TX RX RX TX TRIB D/I BODIR UNP. EAST D/I BIDIR UNP. WEST EAST TX RX RX TX TRIB D/I PROTECTED WEST EAST TX RX RX TX TRIB D/I PROTECTED EAST

Configurarea căilor WEST EAST TX RX RX TX TRIB DROP PROTECTED EAST DROP PROTECTED WEST EAST TX RX RX TX TRIB INSERT TO EAST INSERT TO WEST BRIDGE (Insert to both)

Configurarea căilor WEST TX RX RX TX TRIB RX TX D/I UNIDIR UNP EAST WEST EAST TX RX RX TX TRIB RX TX DROP UNP. WEST TX RX RX TX TRIB RX TX D/I UNIDIR UNP. WEST EAST RX TX EAST TX RX TRIB RX TX DROP UNP. EAST

Configurarea căilor EAST WEST RX TX TX RX (West to East) (East to West) TX RX (West to East) Two - way EAST WEST RX TX One - way EAST WEST TX RX RX TX One - way (East to West)

Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor 1. Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig. 1. P 6 P 7 1. 2. 2. B 02 East West 1. 2. 1. East 1. 2. 2. B 123 P 6 P 7 2 Mbps Fig. 1.

Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor 2. Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig. 2. East 1. 1. 1. P 1 West B 02 West 1. 1. 1. East B 123 P 1 P 2 2 Mbps Fig. 2.

Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor 3. Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig. 3. B 02 East West E P 1 1. 1. 5 (2 Mbps) B 123 West East P 3 1. 1. 5. (2 Mbps) Fig. 3.

Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor 3. Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig. 4. B 02 East West E P 1, #3, 34 Mbps B 123 West East P 3, #3, 34 Mbps Fig. 4.