SINKHOLES Created By Marcous Phillips What is a
SINKHOLES Created By: Marcous Phillips
What is a sinkhole � A sinkhole is a depression in the ground that has no natural external surface drainage. � Water drains to the subsurface
Causes of sinkholes � � Underneath soil/rock is dissolved by groundwater flowing through the material. Human involvement
Factors in sinkholes � Aquifer systems � The soil above the system is balanced by the water pressure in the aquifer. When water is removed from system it destabilizes the pressure, increasing the chance of a sinkhole forming Higher chance in urban
Factors in sinkholes � Karst Terrain � landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone and gypsum. � characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems
Types of Sinkholes � Dissolution sinkholes � ground with little overburden � Water erodes the rock away � deep impression in the ground forming a basin
Types of Sinkholes � Cover-collapse sinkhole � Water erodes rock away underneath overburden � Overburden soil loses stability � Rapid and sudden collapse � Can take weeks or years to reach point of collapse
Types of Sinkholes � Human involvement � Leaky pipes � Sewer leakage � Pumping of groundwater � Construction � Water diversion � These are majors in formation of a sinkhole
Most Effected Areas Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania are most prone.
Prevention of Sinkholes � � Natural Sinkholes are very hard to prevent Human made sinkholes can be avoidable � Proper construction and maintenance of any underground pipes � Proper groundwater usage Helps keep water table high and supports overburden � When a sinkhole occurs make sure it is kept trash free Sinkholes usually have a direct link to drinking water which trash thrown into the sinkhole can lead to pollution of drinking water
Famous Sinkholes � Guatemala City’s Sinkholes, Guatemala � Happened in 2007, 300 ft. down
Famous Sinkholes � Devil’s Sinkhole, Texas, U. S. A. � 40 ft. by 60 ft. opening , 400 ft. down
Sources � � � � http: //water. usgs. gov/edu/sinkholes. html http: //science. howstuffworks. com/nature/naturaldisasters/sinkhole. htm http: //www. esi. utexas. edu/outreach/caves/karst. php http: //amr. edwardsaquifer. org/display_education_portal_m. php? pg=education_how_does_the_aquifer_work www. geocaching. com http: //www. sjrwmd. com/watersupply/howsinkholesform. html http: //www. therichest. com/expensive-lifestyle/location/the-top-10 most-amazing-sinkholes-on-earth/
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