Sinification of Vietnam Vietnamese Identity Distinct group of

Sinification of Vietnam

Vietnamese Identity § Distinct group of people § Shared common heritage § Desire to remain politically independent

Chinese Advantages § Initial contact with Qin § Development of lively trade § Chinese: silk § Vietnamese: ivory, pearls, tortoise shell, peacock feathers and exotic woods

Vietnamese Culture Differs from Chinese § Vietnamese § § § § Long skirts for women Cockfights Chewed betel nut Blackened teeth Buddhism Nuclear family Distinctive art and poetry § Chinese § Black pants § Never adopted cockfights for entertainment § Disgusted by betel nut § Repulsed by blackened teeth § Extended family

Betel Nut and Blackened Teeth

Cockfighting

Chinese Conquest § Han rulers § At first happy with Viet ruler as vassal § Accepted tribute § 111 BCE wanted total control § Viet elite § § § Cooperated with China Worked into bureaucracy Chinese schools and Confucianism

Resistance Movements § Aristocracy § Chinese disdain for local customs § Considered backward § Peasants § Little interest in Chinese culture § Trung sisters § Led peasant revolt against Chinese in 39 CE § Reaction to patriarchal society

Vietnamese Independence § Strong sense of identity § Fragile bonds to China § Geographic barriers § Few Chinese residents in region § 907: Fall of Tang offered opportunity/chaos § 939: won independence

Ancient Vietnam