Single Replacement Reactions General Equation A BX AX

Single Replacement Reactions + +

General Equation A + BX AX + B

Helpful Hints Metals replace metals and hydrogen Halogens replace halogens If an element can take more than one charge, use the +2 charge Metals + H 2 O metal. OH + H 2

Steps to Predicting a single replacement reaction 1. Look at the reactants given and determine if the single element is a metal or a halogen 2. Look at the compound given in the reactants, and find the same type of element (metal or halogen) identified in step 1 3. Find both elements on the reactivity series

4. If the element identified in step 1 is higher on the reactivity series than the element in step 2, then they will switch places to form new products 5. Look at the products formed • If the single element is a diatomic molecule, it needs a subscript of 2 • If your compound is not neutral; look at the charges and add subscripts to make it neutral

Example 1: Zn + Ag. NO 3 Ag + Zn(NO 3)2 _______ Step 1: Zn is the single element, and it is a metal Step 2: Ag is the metal in the compound Step 3: Look at the activity series for metals (next slide) Step 4: Zn is higher on the list (more reactive) so it will switch places with Ag (new products = Ag + Zn. NO 3 Step 5: Ag is not a diatomic molecule so it doesn’t need a subscript; Zn. NO 3 is not a neutral compound so we need to look at the charges and make it neutral; Zn 2+ NO 31 Zn(NO 3)2

Activity Series Most reactive Least Metals Li Rb K Cs Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au

Example 2: Cl 2 + KI KCl + I 2 _____ Step 1: Cl is the single element, and it is a halogen Step 2: I is the halogen in the compound Step 3: Look at the activity series for non-metals (next slide) Step 4: Cl is higher on the list (more reactive) so it will switch places with I (new products = KCl + I Step 5: I is a diatomic molecule so it needs a subscript of 2; KCl is a neutral compound because the charges are equal and opposite

Activity Series Most reactive Least reactive Non-metals F 2 Cl 2 Br 2 I 2

Example 3: Ag + KNO 3 NR _______ Step 1: Ag is the single element, and it is a metal Step 2: K is the metal in the compound Step 3: Look at the activity series for metals (next slide) Step 4: K is higher on the list (more reactive) so Ag will not switch places with K Step 5: There will be NO REACTION (NR)

Activity Series Most reactive Least Metals Li Rb K Cs Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au