Single Displacement Reactions Single Displacement Reactions At the

Single Displacement Reactions

Single Displacement Reactions: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Identify a basic single displacement reaction 2. Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place 3. Balance a single displacement reaction

Simple Reactions Synthesis (Combination) Single Replacement Decomposition Double Replacement

A + Synthesis Decomposition B AB AB A + B Single +C A B Replacement A +CB Double A B + C D Replacement AD + C B

A + Synthesis Decomposition B AB AB A + B Single +C A B Replacement A +CB Double A B + C D Replacement AD + C B

3. Single Replacement Reactions • • • Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a halogen can replace a halogen (-). element + compound A + BC AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC BA + C (if A is a halogen ) (remember the cation always goes first!)

3. Single Replacement Reactions • For these reactions, you must remember: When H 2 O splits into ions, it splits into H+ and OH- (not H+ and O-2 !!) A single replacement reaction will only occur if the replacement ion has a higher activity than the original ion in the compound To determine this, refer to a relative activity table

Relative Activities Metals Decreasing Activity Lithium, Li Potassium, K Calcium, Ca Sodium, Na Magnesium, Mg Aluminum, Al Zinc, Zn Hydrogen, H Chromium, Cr Copper, Cu Iron, Fe Mercury, Hg Nickel, Ni Silver, Ag Tin, Sn Platinum, Pt Lead, Pb Gold, Au Halogens Fluorine, F Chlorine, Cl Bromine, Br Iodine, I

Single Replacement Reactions • (note: Li is higher relative activity than H):

A Displacement Reaction: metallic copper with silver nitrate Cu + Ag NO 3 Note: Cu is higher relative activity Ag + Cu(NO 3)2

Single Replacement Reactions • • Write and balance the following single replacement reaction equation: Zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) Zn. Cl 2 + H 2(g) Note: Zinc replaces the hydrogen ion in the reaction because of higher relative activity

Word Single Replacement Reactions • Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Al(s)+ Cu(NO 3)2(aq) Al(NO 3)3(aq) + Cu 2 Al(s)+ 3 Cu(NO 3)2(aq) 2 Al(NO 3)3(aq) + 3 Cu

Single Displacement Reactions: Let’s see if you can: 1. Identify a basic single displacement reaction 2. Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place 3. Balance a single displacement reaction

Try This… • Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Zinc reacts with aqueous copper (II) sulfate Zn + Cu. SO 4 • Zinc is higher relative activity so… • • Zn + Cu. SO 4 Cu + Zn. SO 4

Try This… • • • Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Copper (II) reacts with aqueous calcium sulfate Cu + Ca. SO 4 Copper is lower relative activity so… Cu + Ca. SO 4 NR