Simple Organic Compounds Section 2 9 Organic Chemistry

Simple Organic Compounds Section 2. 9

Organic Chemistry • Study of carbon-containing compounds –Contain C and H; often O, N, and other elements as well

Alkanes • Compounds containing only H and C are called hydrocarbons • Basic class of hydrocarbons is the ALKANES: – Each C is bonded to 4 other atoms (either C or H) Methane Ethane Propane Butane

Derivatives Alkanes • H atom of an Alkane is replaced with a functional group. • Example: Alcohols

Alcohols • Replace an H atom from an alkane with an –OH group Methanol

Naming Alcohols • Use the name of the alkane from which it is derived • Change the ending to –ol Ethane Ethanol

Naming Alkanes • All end in -ane • Those with 5 or more carbon atoms: prefixes are used (Table 2. 6) – Ex: Alkane with 5 C- pentane – Ex: 8 C- octane (gasoline)

Properties of Alcohols • Very different from the alkane from which they were derived • Methane, and propane colorless gases • Methanol, and propanol colorless liquids

Foundation of Organic Compounds • Long chains of C-C bonding (alkanes and alcohols) • As C-C gets longer, a new substance/new physical properties forms • Polyethylene- alkanes with over tens of thousands of C atoms – Solid substance- plastic bags, food containers, lab equipment