SIMPLE MACHINES By Nikita Ravi K International School

SIMPLE MACHINES By: Nikita Ravi K. International School Tokyo

SIMPLE MACHINES Simple machines are machines that make work easier for us by allowing us to push or pull over increased distances. A Fulcrum Examples of Simple Machines � Pulleys � Wheel & Axle � Gear � Lever � Inclined Plane � Screw � Wedge

WHY ARE SIMPLE MACHINES USEFUL Simple machines are useful because they can make a physical job easier by changing the magnitude or the direction of the force exerted to do work

Information about the 7 different types of simple machines

PULLEYS A pulley is a simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope to raise, lower or move a load

WHEEL & AXLE A wheel is a circular device that is attached to a rigid bar in its center. A force applied to the wheel causes the axle to rotate, Axle

GEAR The gear is sometimes considered a simple machine, but a gear is really just a wheel with teeth

LEVER A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or moves loads

INCLINED PLANE An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier

SCREW A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things together or lifts materials.

WEDGE A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which cuts material apart

SIMPLE MACHINES & COMPOUND MACHINE SIMPLE MACHINE When you put simple machines Simple machines are "simple" because most have only one together, you get a complex machine, like a lawn mower, a moving part. Some are so simple, they don't have any car, even an electric nose hair moving parts! trimmer! COMPOUND MACHINES

Examples of 2 household simple machines

1. SCISSORS

SCISSORS SIMPLE MACHINE The Scissors have 2 different types of simple machines in them. There is a lever and a wedge. On a scissor there are 2 wedges. The wedges a re used because they have sharp ends to easily cut the piece of paper. Wedge Lever There is also a lever connecting with the 2 wedges. Without the lever we cannot press the two parts of the scissors to cut the something. Fulcrum

MEET THE INVENTOR It was not until the middle ages that the scissors started to look the way we know them today. Leonardo Da. Vinci, famed painter of the Mona Lisa and outstanding inventor, is most frequently credited with inventing the modern scissor formed from two separate pieces of metal, attached at a central pivot point.

HISTORY Earlier people would have tore the paper by hand or by other ways which might not be a precise cut. The earliest devices that can be loosely described as scissors were probably made in Egypt in around 1500 BCE. These comprised a single piece of bronze metal formed into a U shape, with the ends of the U sharpened into blades and the curve acting as a spring so that the blades moved apart on release after each cut. However, it would appear that the blades were not designed to cross, which would not have made them particularly efficient. Cross-bladed scissors were invented in about 100 AD by the Romans. Then Leonardo Da. Vinci improved the invention.

PROS & CONS ABOUT THE SCISSORS CONS PROS The cons about the scissors is that they easily cut any parts of your body and blood will flow. This happens because there are 2 wedges as mentioned before which are very sharp. The pros about the scissors is that they can help us cut things out like papers. This commonly used in offices and schools. But when it comes to home needs we need the scissors to open food packets and such.

SCISSORS USAGE IN OUR DAILY LIFE Scissors are hand-operated cutting instruments. They consist of a pair of metal blades pivoted so that the sharpened edges slide against each other when the handles (bows) opposite to the pivot are closed. Scissors are used for cutting various thin materials, such as paper, cardboard, metal foil, thin plastic, cloth, rope, and wire. Scissors can also be used to cut hair and food. Scissors and shears are functionally equivalent, but larger implements tend to be called shears. There are many types of scissors and shears for different purposes. For example, children's scissors, used only on paper, have dull blades and rounded corners to ensure safety. Scissors used to cut hair or fabric must be much sharper. The largest shears used to cut metal or to trim shrubs must have very strong, sharp blades. Specialized scissors include sewing scissors, which often have one sharp point and one blunt point for intricate cutting of fabric, and nail scissors, which sometimes have curved blades for cutting fingernails and toenails. Special kinds of shears include pinking shears, which have notched blades that cut cloth to give it a wavy edge, and thinning shears, which have teeth that cut every second hair strand, rather than every strand giving the illusion of thinner hair.

2. STAPLER

STAPLER SIMPLE MACHINE A staple has various of simple machines. Like wedges and levers. The staples in a stapler are wedges. When you push down on a stapler it sends out a sharp metal stapler, Which pierces through papers. Fulcrum A top of a stapler is a lever, it transfers energy into a staple, which staples your paper. Lever Wedge

MEET THE INVENTOR The first recorded stapler as such was in 18 th century France where it was said to have been used by King Louis XV and to be inscribed with his personal seal. Then in 1866 George W Mc. Gill developed a small, bendable, brass fastener that could be used with paper. Later in that same year he invented the machine that could insert the bendable brass clip into paper. He showed his invention at the 1867 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His work continued on the stapler and in 1879 a patent was granted for the Mc Gill Single-stroke paper press. This “stapler” could load a single ½ inch wide wire stable and had the ability to bind several sheets of paper. However this invention was not even close to the modern day version of the stapler that you and I use every day. It weighed over 2 and ½ pounds and could only load a single staple at a time.

HISTORY Before staplers came along, we had tried just about everything, from sewing and gluing to clamping and skewering. Around 1200 C. E. , though, an industrious group of medieval academics became the first to adhere pages using ribbon and wax, and while that practice has long since fallen by the wayside, they were also the first to bind them at the upper-left corner, as we do today.

PROS & CONS ABOUT STAPLER CONS PROS The bad points about a stapler is that some people will get hurt by accidentally pushing the to part of the stapler. Then suddenly the staple which is very sharp is going to be pinned to your hand. If you take it off lots of blood will flow all over your hand or any other part of your body. The good points about the stapler is that it can keep the papers you’ve done together. These are commonly done in offices and other business companies. But the reason some people also have staplers at home is because when we open a packet of food and want to close it but it is impossible we use a stapler to close the food packet.

USES OF THE STAPLER Stapling is the most common form of binding used in the world today. You wouldn’t think that a stapler would bind, but that is exactly what it does. It takes a group of unorganized papers and binds them together by use of a small piece of metal. Staplers are used for a wide variety of projects. They are commonly used in the office to keep documents organized. Staplers are used to staple as little as two sheets of paper, and higher-end staplers can staple stacks of paper together. Staplers are very popular in the printing and book industry for creating small booklets. A saddle stapler will put two to three staples along the spine of a book to help keep it together.

TYPES OF STAPLER… Skin Stapler: Used for the closure of skin in surgical procedures. Manual Desktop Staplers: Mostly used in the office. The maximum amount of papers that they can typically staple is 20. Electric Staplers: Mostly used when stapling large volumes of paper. Electric staplers use a motor to press down on the staple head.

TYPES OF STAPLER… Grouped Staplers: This stapler is used for stapling booklets. Saddle Stapling: Saddle staplers have a V shaped anvil that allows the papers to be properly placed for booklet stapling. Stitchers: Stitchers can bind large amounts of paper together quickly and are ideal for high-volume binding.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Works Cited beginning, I. t. (2009, August 26). A brief history of staplers. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from Mental Floss: http: //www. mentalfloss. com/blogs/archives/327 Gundrum, C. (1997 -2011). Simple machines. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from mikids: http: //www. mikids. com/Smachines. htm it, w. t. (2011). Stapler. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from wanttoknowit: http: //wanttoknowit. com/who-invented-the-stapler/ mediocre woman. (2005). scissors. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from yahoo answers: http: //answers. yahoo. com/activity? show=AA 10309525 Office, B. (1996~2011). Stapler Guide. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from ABC office: http: //www. abcoffice. com/stapler-guide. htm scissors. (2011, November 19). Retrieved November 27, 2011, from wikipedia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scissors Simple Machines. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 27, 2011, from pppst: http: //science. pppst. com/simplemachines. html simple machines. (2000~2011). Retrieved November 27, 2011, from edheads: http: //www. edheads. org Welford, J. (2002~2011). A history of scissors. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from Helium: http: //www. helium. com/items/1080513 history-of-scissors-and-shears Double click me and I will lead you to the ppt I used

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