Simple Machines A Simple Machine Simple machines help
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Simple Machines
A Simple Machine? Simple machines help us do work. Ø Machines make work easy. Ø
So What? Ø Simple machines make work easier Ø Simple machines either change the amount of force on an object or change the direction of the force Ø Machines DON’T diminish the amount of work we do—they just make it easier! Ø Two or more SIMPLE machines make a COMPLEX machine!
What is mechanical advantage? The number of times a machine multiplies the effort or input force.
Mechanical Advantage ® It is useful to think about a machine in terms of the input force (the force you apply) and the output force (force which is applied to the task). ® When a machine takes a small input force and increases the magnitude of the output force, a mechanical advantage has 5
What is a Simple Machine? Ø Simple machines have few or no moving parts. Ø There are 6 kinds of simple machines.
What are the 6 kinds of simple machines? 1. Inclined plane 4. Wheel and axle 2. Wedge 5. Pulley 3. Screw 6. Lever
An Inclined Plane?
Actually, an Inclined Plane… Ø …inclined plane is like a flat board that is higher on one end. Ø …inclined plane makes work easier.
Inclined Plane An inclined plane is a slanting surface. It is easier to push an object up an inclined plane than to lift the object the same height This is because your effort is spread out over a larger distance. Lifting an object to the same height requires A LOT MORE effort over a shorter distance
Inclined Plane Shorter distance MORE EFFORT Longer Distance LESS EFFORT
Can you think of some other inclined planes?
A Wedge?
Actually, a wedge… … is two inclined planes pushed together like a V. Ø …pushes things away from each other. Ø …split things. Ø
Wedge A wedge has one slanting slide that ends in a sharp edge which can cut things apart. A wedge is an inclined plane that decreases the force needed to break apart something.
Can you think of some other wedges?
A Screw(ge)?
Actually, a screw… …is an inclined plane wrapped around a post or cylinder (the inclined plane allows the screw to move itself when rotated). Ø …holds things together and can make them go up and down. Ø
To help you visualize this better… ®# of Threads is equal to Length of the inclined plane Picture from http: //www. nvsd 44. bc. ca/sites/Reports. View. One. Pop. M. asp? RID=3812
Can you think of some other screws?
Wheels and axles?
Actually, a wheel and axle… Ø …is a pole that goes through the wheel which allows the wheel to turn
Can you think of some other wheels and axles?
Pulleys?
Pulleys A pulley uses wheels and rope to raise, lower or move a load. Pulleys make lifting a load easier by changing the direction of your effort force A pulley is made up 3 parts: Pulley Load Effort (force)
Parts Of A Pulley Effort (force) Load
Types of Pulleys There are different types of pulleys. Single Pulley Moveable Pulley One wheel involved Doesn’t increase the effort force; changes the direction Multiple wheels involved Multiplies the force based on number of strings.
Can you think of some other pulleys?
Lever?
Lever A lever is a bar that rests on a pivot. Levers make it easy to lift things because they magnify our effort Levers are made up 4 parts: Lever Fulcrum Load Effort
Parts of Lever Bar of stiff material Load The mass to move Effort Fulcrum Force of the person The pivot
Class One Lever There are 3 major classes of levers Class ONE Fulcrum is in the middle between the load and the effort a seesaw
Class Two Lever There are 3 major classes of levers Class TWO The load is in the middle Fulcrum and effort at opposite ends a wheelbarrow
Class Three Lever There are 3 major classes of levers Class THREE Effort is in the middle between the load and the fulcrum tweezers, your arm
Can you think of some other levers?
What is a Lever? a rigid bar that is free to turn about a fixed point called the fulcrum Every Lever has three (3) parts: Effort: Where force is placed. : e c n sta i s e R t is a h t ct e j b O ed v o m Fulcrum Pivoting Point
Efficiency is the ability of a machine to convert input work to output work. Efficiency = output work ✕ 100% input work The efficiency of a real machine is always less than 100 percent because of friction
Calculating Efficiency Always express the number as a %
Efficiency Friction reduces efficiency by converting some work into heat Oil, or another lubricant, can increase efficiency by reducing the number of contact points between surfaces.
Simple Machines Ø Simple machines can be put together in different ways to make complex machinery
COMPOUND MACHINES ® Many familiar compound machines, such as a car, a washing machine, or a clock, are combinations of hundreds or thousands of simple machines.
Compound Machine Corkscrew ® Inclined Plane ® Wedge ® Screw ® Lever ® Wheel and Axle
Compound Machine Jack ® Inclined ® Wedge ® Screw ® Lever Plane
A Wedge in a Compound Machine: Stapler ® Staples are wedges: they cut through paper because their ends are pointed in a wedge shape. ® Simple machines in a stapler: Wedge ® Lever ®
A Wedge in a Compound Machine: Scissors ® The cutting edge of scissors is a wedge. ® Simple machines in a pair of scissors: Wedge ® Lever ®
What type of machine? ® video
Vocabulary Simple machine mechanical advantage lever Fulcrum inclined plane pulley Screw wedge wheel & axle Output force Input force compound machine
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