Simon Bolivar Miguel Hidalgo Toussaint LOuverture How did

Simon Bolivar Miguel Hidalgo Toussaint L’Ouverture How did these independence leaders win independence for their countries?

Independence of Africa

• Nationalism • WWII • $ (money) Reasons for the End of Colonialism

• Pride for an ethnic group or nationality with a country • Africans want to be ruled by Africans and wanted the European out of Africa Nationalism

• Africans fought with Great Britain and France against Hitler • believed they had earned their freedom WWII

• After WWII it becomes too expensive to keep colonies • Many European countries are having difficulties putting themselves back together Money

• South Africa is run by white South Africans under British rule. • Gained independence in 1948 • They remain in power after South Africa gains its independence from Great Britain. • Blacks are given few rights • African National Congress- created to fight for rights for blacks in South Africa

• Became a colony of Great Britain • there was a violent resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. • Kenya finally becomes independent in 1963 • Joseph Kenyatta becomes the first black president of Kenya

• Nigeria a colony of Great Britain • Gained independence in 1960 • Civil war broke out between the Christian south and the Muslim north. • The religious war left many thousands dead or injured Nigeria

• Partitioning of Africa was done by Europeans • When new independent countries were formed they were colonial boundaries • Grouped together ethnic groups that did not like each other • Split apart ethnic groups that should be in one country Problems for New African Countries

• • Poor education Poor health care Poor people Civil Wars Diseases Poor transportation systems No money Problems for New Governments

• Why did independence in Africa come after WWII? • Explain how South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria gained their independence? • What problems did the new governments of Africa have after independence? Summary