Should Celebrities Promote Food Products An Argument Writing

Should Celebrities Promote Food Products? An Argument Writing Mini-Unit adapted by Sandra Hogue & Lori Trout, Kennedy Montessori, from materials developed by Jean Wolph and the NWP i 3 College Ready Writers Leadership Team Jean Wolph, Louisville Writing Project for NWP CRWP, funded by the Department of Education, based on templates developed by Beth Rimer and Linda Denstaedt and including slides created by Leanne Bordeleon

Should celebrities promote food products?

What do you notice? Which would you purchase? Why?

Turn to a partner. Discuss what you wrote.

New learning! At first I thought … Now I think … If both of you had exactly the same idea, describe different experiences that you have had.

? n a e m E S R O D N E s e o d t What do you notice about these 2 advertisements? Who is endorsing the product? Does the endorser change whether you or others would purchase the product?

Turn to a partner. Discuss what you wrote.

New learning! At first I thought … Now I think … If both of you had exactly the same idea, describe different experiences that you have had.

WATCH THE NEWS! The first few minutes of this video clip shows the results of research about kids and celebrity endorsements. http: //www. cbsnews. com/news/kids-may-be-highlyinfluenced-by-athletes-endorsement-of-unhealthyfoods/

WRITE! At first I thought … Now I think …

Turn to a partner. Discuss what you wrote.

READ ALOUD! Let’s learn more about the research. Kids may be highly influenced by athletes' endorsement of unhealthy foods By MICHELLE CASTILLOCBS NEWSOctober 7, 2013, 12: 55 PM It's hard to watch any sporting event without seeing a commercial featuring a star athlete such as Peyton Manning or Le. Bron James. Now, a study published on Oct. 7 in Pediatrics shows that a lot of the foods they are promoting are unhealthy, concerning pediatricians because adolescents are among their primary viewers. "Professional athletes wouldn't endorse tobacco today because it would be a liability for them, " lead study author Marie Bragg, a doctoral candidate in psychology at Yale University, told the Globe and Mail. "We're hoping one day that the same would be true for unhealthy foods. “

READ ALOUD! Kids may be highly influenced by athletes' endorsement of unhealthy foods--continued It's not surprising that many endorsement deals come from the food industry, say the authors, especially because previous studies have shown consumers feel that food products promoted by professional athletes are generally healthier. Their study, however, found that was not the case. Researchers looked at 512 brands endorsed by 100 different athletes during 2010. While sporting goods or apparel made up 28. 3 percent of the products they pitched, food and beverage items were a close second (23. 8 percent). Other consumer goods came in third (10. 9 percent). Forty-four food and beverage brands, 62 food products and 46 beverages were represented in 2010 by an athlete. About 79 percent of the food items were energy -dense, meaning they were high in calories for how much they weighed, and nutrient poor, as measured by a healthfulness score of each product. Around 93. 4 percent of the beverages had 100 percent of their calories come from added sugar.

READ ALOUD! Kids may be highly influenced by athletes' endorsement of unhealthy foods--continued Le. Bron James, Peyton Manning and Serena Williams were the athletes most likely to have a sponsorship deal with a consumer company. James and Manning promoted the most caloric and nutrient-poor food. "The striking irony here is that you have some of the world's most physically fit athletes promoting really unhealthy foods, " Bragg said. The researchers noted Manning earned $10 million a year to promote products including Papa John's, Gatorade, Oreo and Wheaties while James' endorsements included Mc. Donald's and Bubblicious Gum. The researchers warned that this form of advertising was especially worrisome, since children between 12 and 17 years old were the ones who were viewing the TV commercials the most.

READ ALOUD! Kids may be highly influenced by athletes' endorsement of unhealthy foods--continued "Professional athletes should be aware of the health value of the products they are endorsing, and should use their status and celebrity to promote healthy messages to youth, " the authors said in a press release. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) reported in March that 97 percent of kids' meals at 34 top chains did not meet recommended standards for nutrition. In June, , the World Health Organization urged companies to take responsibility when marketing unhealthy food to children. At the time, the agency pushed for stronger rules when it came to trying to sell food products to kids. CSPI executive director Michael F. Jacobson said in a statement that it was "discouraging" to see many celebrity athletes promote unhealthy junk food. By having such prominent spokespeople, he felt the ads made it seem that junk food was associated with athletic.

READ ALOUD! Kids may be highly influenced by athletes' endorsement of unhealthy foods--continued "Of course the opposite is true. Drinking Sprite and eating at Mc. Donald's is not going to make you play basketball like Le. Bron James any more than smoking cigarettes will make you ride a horse like the Marlboro Man, " Jacobson added. Kathleen Keller, an assistant professor in the department of health and nutritional science at Penn State, said to Reuters that one way to protect children against these unhealthy messages is for parents to teach kids about how advertising works. Even if kids aren't watching TV at home, they are being exposed to advertising wherever they go. "Within your home you can really teach your kids from a young age about what the purpose of marketing is, what the purpose of advertising is, " Keller said. © 2013 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved.

• Thought-provoking quotes from our article are on each poster. • Travel in teams around the room to read and respond--in silence. Only the markers are “talking”. • Revisit each chart. Read and add new thinking. • Return to your notebook to capture new thinking. First I thought… Now I think… Exploring Research with “Marker Talks”

PRACTICING CLAIMS ●We’ll use an article we’ve already read (“Is it OK to Sneak Food into the Movies? ). ●Then we’ll write a claim using this framework: [WHO] should [DO WHAT] because [WHY]. Note: You may also use “should not” instead of “should. ”

Remember this information from the article? Professor Richard Mc. Kenzie reports that there is an 806% markup on movie theater popcorn – a large bucket averages $8. 15 but costs only 90 cents to make.

[WHO] should [DO WHAT] because [WHY]. Brainstorming Claims for MOVIE THEATER What do we think? Do they SNACKS charge too much? Is it okay because they need to make money? Who is helped by this practice? Who is hurt? Does it matter?

Sample Note Card Claim for MOVIE THEATER SNACKS [WHO] should [DO WHAT] because [WHY]. THEATERS should CUT SNACK PRICES because THEY MAKE TOO MUCH PROFIT.

Sample Note Card Claim for MOVIE THEATER SNACKS [WHO] should [DO WHAT] because [WHY]. MOVIE THEATERS should REDUCE CONCESSION PRICES because THE MARK UP IS EXCESSIVE.

Sample Note Card Claim for MOVIE THEATER SNACKS OR Because [WHY], [WHO] should [DO WHAT]. Because THEATERS NEED TO MAKE A PROFIT, CUSTOMERS should ACCEPT MOVIE FOOD PRICES.

Sample Note Card Claim for MOVIE THEATER SNACKS OR [WHO] should not [DO WHAT] because [WHY]. MOVIEGOERS should not COMPLAIN ABOUT CONCESSION PRICES because THEY CAN ALWAYS EAT BEFOREHAND.

Let’s MAKE A CLAIM. Ready to try it with our CELEBRITY food advertising issue?

Exit Slip—Notecard Claim ● Read over your writing so SAMPLES: Celebrity endorsements are more harmful than helpful because _____ far and use the note card to write a claim about the issue: Should celebrities endorse products? ● How might you qualify (or limit) your claim? Because research shows ___, we should ___. NWP CRWP funded by the Department of Education

Share your note card claim with a neighbor. Linda Denstaedt for NWP CRWP, funded by the Department of Education

PQP: Praise, Question, Polish Let’s IMPROVE OUR CLAIMS. Does your partner’s claim have WHO, WHAT, and WHY? If not, talk through how to change the claim. NOW REVISE! Let’s be clear and get right to the point.

NEXT: Using your copy of the article, highlight the evidence that you think is most convincing. THEN we’ll learn two ways that writers USE evidence to support their opinion or CLAIM.

Ways to Use Sources r o ph Illustrating – When writers use specific examples or facts from a text to support what they want to say. ta e A m Examples: Pillars provide the support needed to hold together the structure. Resources “to think about: anecdotes, images, scenarios, data. ” (Harris) ● ● ● ● “_____ argues that ______. ” “_____ claims that ______” “_____ acknowledges that ______” “_____ emphasizes that ______” “_____ tells the story of ______ “ “_____ reports that ______” “_____ believes that ______” Leeanne Bordelon, NSU Writing Project, 2014

Example of Illustrating from “The Early Bird Gets the Bad Grade” by Nancy Kalish: “When high schools in Fayette County in Kentucky delayed their start times to 8: 30 a. m. , the number of teenagers involved in car crashes dropped, even as they rose in the state. ” is a h t s i y a w t a In wh t? c a f r o e l p m specific exa laim might c f o d n i k t a h W rt? o p p u s o t d e us e b t i Linda Denstaedt, i 3 Leadership Team, National Writing Project

Ways to Use Sources r o h p a t me A ● Authorizing – When writers quote an expert or use an authority to support their claims. Dr. Joseph Bauxbaum, a researcher at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, found … According to Susan Smith, principal of a school which encourages student cell phone use, … A study conducted by the Gulf Coast Center for Law & Policy Center, a non-profit organization which monitors environmental issues, revealed that … Leeanne Bordelon, NSU Writing Project, 2014 rds o w t Wha each make n seem perso le? credib claim t a h W ach e t h g mi elp h e t quo rt? suppo

Example of Authorizing from “High schools with late start times help teens but bus schedules and after-school can conflict” [“T]he focus on logistics is frustrating for ds r o w What her Heather Macintosh, spokeswoman for a make eem e? s national organization called Start School credibl Later…. “What is the priority? ” she said. “It hat claim W this t h g i m should be education, health and safety. ” elp ote h qu rt? o p p u s Linda Denstaedt, i 3 Leadership Team, National Writing Project

First, Let’s ! ● Re-read your notes & previous writing and learning on the celebrities and advertising. ○ ○ ○ ○ Picture & writing response Chalk Talks & writing response Discussion, Discussion Video and writing response Highlighted article Notecard claim Using Sources – Supporting, Authorizing

SELECTING EVIDENCE & CONNECTING IT TO THE CLAIM ●We’ll go back to that article we’ve already read (“Is it OK to Sneak Food into the Movies? ). ●We’ll select a quote as evidence. ●We’ll paraphrase it (put it into our own words). ●Then we’ll practice what is called COMMENTING (talking about) the facts we’ve found to support our claim.

Let’s read this together. What do we notice?

Let’s read another example. What do we notice?

Let’s read one more example. What do we notice?

Quote: Now let’s try it with our new topic, celebrity endorsements. Draw this chart in your notebook. (Copy the quote you have chosen HERE) Source: (List the title, author, publication and date HERE) PARAPHRASE (Explain what the quote means HERE. ) CONNECTION (How can you help readers see the RELEVANCE of this evidence to your claim? Tell us HERE. )

Share your evidence and connection with a neighbor. Add any new ideas to your notes. Linda Denstaedt for NWP CRWP, funded by the Department of Education

Continue this process with 2 -4 more pieces of evidence. Quote: Copy the quote you have chosen HERE Source: List the title, author, publication and date HERE PARAPHRASE Explain what the quote means HERE. CONNECTION How can you help readers see the RELEVANCE of this evidence to your claim? Tell us HERE.

Revisiting Authorizing … r o h p a t me A ● Authorizing – When writers quote an expert or use an authority to support their claims. Dr. Joseph Bauxbaum, a researcher at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, found … According to Susan Smith, principal of a school which encourages student cell phone use, … A study conducted by the Gulf Coast Center for Law & Policy Center, a non-profit organization which monitors environmental issues, revealed that … Leeanne Bordelon, NSU Writing Project, 2014 rds o w t Wha each make n seem perso le? credib claim t a h W ach e t h g mi elp h e t quo rt? suppo

Example of Authorizing from “High schools with late start times help teens but bus schedules and after-school can conflict” [“T]he focus on logistics is frustrating for ds r o w What her Heather Macintosh, spokeswoman for a make eem e? s national organization called Start School credibl Later…. “What is the priority? ” she said. “It hat claim W this t h g i m should be education, health and safety. ” elp ote h qu rt? o p p u s Linda Denstaedt, i 3 Leadership Team, National Writing Project

Using a Source to Authorize a Main Argument ●Explore your notes and article for one authority that effectively substantiates your claim. ● Try two or three sentence stems to capture the argument. According to the National Safety Bureau, … A research scientist at the University of Louisville, Dr. A. Ford, concluded … The non-profit organization PETA conducted a study of over 10 million…

Share each of the examples you are using AUTHORIZING to support your claim. Use your partner’s feedback and your own reflection to improve how you share the source’s expertise. NWP CRWP, funded by the Department of Education

Let’s ! ● Let’s Review our notes & previous writing on the celebrities and advertising. ○ ○ ○ ○ Picture & writing response Chalk Talks & writing response Discussion, Discussion Video writing Highlighted article Claim notecard Evidence and Commentary to support our claim Then we’ll write a guided essay to pull together what we think!

The 40 -Minute Kernel Essay Attention grabber lead and my claim on the Issue Here's what I’ve learned But this fact really convinces me I now believe

The 40 -Minute Kernel Essay 3 minutes Attention grabber lead and my claim on the Issue Write an introduction that provides an interesting detail about celebrity endorsements to grab the reader’s attention. Then state your claim on the issue of celebrity endorsements.

The 40 -Minute Kernel Essay ● 4 minutes Select 2 -3 pieces of evidence that provide information to support your claim. Here's what ● 10 minutes I’ve learned State a reason you believe this claim. Insert evidence using sentence starters to write what you’ve learned about the issue of celebrity endorsements. Connect and explain how the evidence supports your claim.

The 40 -Minute Kernel Essay ● 3 minutes Identify 1 -2 pieces of evidence that seem most convincing--maybe a fact from research or a quote from an authority. But this fact really ● 10 minutes convinces State the reason this fact or quote me seems most important. Introduce the evidence with a sentence starter like “According to…” Explain how this evidence supports your claim.

The 40 -Minute Kernel Essay 3 minutes I now believe Write a final few sentences as a conclusion, perhaps restating your claim.

Searching for Ways You Used Sources ● Trade papers with a partner. ● Partners read and code the ways the writer used sources in the margin. ● Search draft for examples of ○ Illustrating= I ○ Authorizing= A DISCUSS: What have we learned about using sources during this mini-unit? How can we use these ideas in other writing experiences, including on-demand testing?