Short Summary Pros and cons Bottomup inventory Use

Short Summary

Pros and cons Bottom-up inventory Use of satellites

Pros and cons Bottom-up inventory • High resolution database in some regions • All gases are available in inventory Use of satellites • Development needed • Different technique for groups of species

Pros and cons Bottom-up inventory • High resolution database in some regions • All gases are available in inventory • Time consuming to update (about 2 years) Use of satellites • Development needed • Different technique for groups of species • Monitoring of emission changes, trends and new spots

Pros and cons Bottom-up inventory • High resolution database in some regions • All gases are available in inventory • Time consuming to update (about 2 years) • Politically accepted technique • Depends on good-will of national authorities Use of satellites • Development needed • Different technique for groups of species • Monitoring of emission changes, trends and new spots • First step to monitoring of emission protocols • Fair comparison between nations

Need for Glob. Emissions • Combining of both approaches is needed • Adding satellite information or satellite-derived emissions for : – Monitoring aspect, – Independent verification – Identifying new hotspots – Identify long-range transport – Distinction anthropogenic / natural emissions – Feedback on new policies for emission regulations

Requirements • Species: NOx, SO 2, PM, NH 3, NMVOCs, O 3, CH 4, marine, biogenic • Frequency: Seasonal • Spatial resolution: in range of 1 x 1 km to 50 x 50 km • Accuracy: at least better than a factor 2 on a global scale • Long-term data flow

Which emissions can be derived ? Proven (in scientific studies): • NOx, CH 4, HCHO, CO Probably: • PM/Aerosol type, SO 2, NH 3 ? Not yet: • O 3, CO 2 Indirectly Derived: • NMVOCs (via HCHO and CHOCHO)

Users • Atmospheric scientists: chemical-transport models • Compagnies involved in energy or steel production: emission control • Policy makers: feedback on policy • Environmental agencies: monitoring/reporting • Note: The type of users will be largely determined by the level of maturity of the service.