SHORT STORY BOOTCAMP VOCABULARY NOTES Spring 2020 VOCABULARY

SHORT STORY BOOTCAMP VOCABULARY NOTES Spring 2020

VOCABULARY LIST 1 You will have a quiz on this list next Thursday, February 6 th! Take close notes. These notes should go in the Vocabulary section of your binder or notebook.

REVIEW

VOCABULARY LIST 1 1. Setting – The time and place in which the story takes place. 2. Exposition – The first part of the plot sequence where we are given background information and are introduced to the characters, setting, conflict, etc. 3. Rising Action – The central part of the story during which various problems arise after a conflict is introduced. These events build up the conflict and create tension/suspense. 4. Climax – The moment of the highest intensity in a story. The primary conflict is directly addressed at the climax.

VOCABULARY LIST 1 5. Falling Action – The action and dialogue following the climax; the falling action ultimately leads to the story’s end. 6. Resolution - The part of the story in which the problems are solved and the action comes to a satisfying end. 7. Plot – The events that make up a story; how narrative points are arranged to make a story understandable to the reader or observer 8. Theme - The underlying meaning or central takeaway of a literary work. The theme should be expressed in a complete statement and shouldn’t include text-specific details.

VOCABULARY LIST 1 9. Protagonist - The main character of a story. 10. Antagonist – The person or force that works against the main character (the protagonist). 11. Conflict – the central struggle between characters or competing forces in a story. Conflict may be internal or external. a. Internal Conflict – Man vs. Self. Internal conflicts occur within a character’s mind when a character struggles to overcome thoughts, emotions, or to make a decision. b. External Conflict – Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Technology, Man vs. Society, Man vs. Man. An external conflict occurs when a character struggles with an outside force.

VOCABULARY LIST 1 12. Situational Irony – When something happens that is very different to what was expected. 13. Characterization – The process by which the author reveals the personality of a character. 14. Direct Characterization- A form of characterization where the author directly and clearly tells us what a character is like. Example: Melissa is an extremely cruel person.

VOCABULARY LIST 1 15. Indirect Characterization – A form of characterization where the author shows us what a character is like through their thoughts, speech, and actions. Example: “When the thin, stray dog approached her and began begging for scraps, Melissa kicked him away and ignored his whines. When she was finished eating, she threw her leftovers in the nearby trashcan and went back to work. ”

VOCABULARY LIST 1 Flashcards due Tuesday 2/4 Quiz next Thursday 2/6

VOCABULARY LIST 2 You will have a quiz on this list Friday, February 14 th! Take close notes. Flashcards are due Wednesday These notes should go in the Vocabulary section of your binder or notebook.

VOCABULARY LIST 2 1. Verbal Irony - when words express something contrary to truth or someone says the opposite of what they really feel or mean. When a speaker says one thing but means another. Sarcasm is a form of verbal irony. 2. Dramatic Irony – when the audience knows more about a situation than certain characters do. 3. Point of View – the perspective from which a story is told. 4. 1 st Person Point of View – When the main character is telling the story. Uses the pronouns “I”, “we”, “us”, etc. 5. 2 nd Person Point of View - When the speaker is directly addressing the reader. Uses “you”.

VOCABULARY LIST 2 6. 3 rd Person Limited Point of View – The speaker is an outside observer of the story. We only know the thoughts and feelings of one character. Uses pronouns “she”, “he”, and “they”. 7. 3 rd Person Omniscient Point of View - This point of view still uses the "he/she/they" narration but now the narrator knows everything. The narrator isn’t limited to what just one character knows but knows things that others don't, can make comments about what's happening, and can see inside the minds of other characters. 8. 3 rd Person Objective - a narrator who tells a story without describing any character's thoughts, opinions, or feelings; instead, it gives an objective, unbiased point of view.

VOCABULARY LIST 2 9. Unreliable Narrator - A character whose telling of the story is not completely accurate or credible due to problems with the character's mental state or maturity. 10. Persona - The voice/mask assumed by a 1 st person narrator. 11. Mood – the emotional feeling or atmosphere a literary work produces in the reader. Authors use setting to create mood. 12. Foreshadowing – the use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in a

VOCABULARY LIST 2 13. Suspense -the intense feeling that an audience goes through while waiting for the outcome of certain events. 14. Hyperbole – figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion or to create a comic effect. 15. Pun – A play on similar sounding words for humorous or rhetorical effect. Example – Will Power 16. Dialogue – a conversation between two or more characters.

LIST 3 VOCABULARY Flashcards due Wednesday Quiz next Friday

LIST 3 VOCABULARY 1. Ambiguity - a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning. Ambiguous words or statements lead to vagueness and confusion, and shape the basis for instances of unintentional humor 2. Satire - type of writing that ridicules something – a person, group of people, humanity at large, a social institution- in order to reveal a weakness 3. Inference - an educated guess where you use background and observation to make a logical conclusion. 4. Tone – the attitude of the writer toward a subject or audience.

LIST 3 VOCABULARY 5. Denotation – the dictionary definition of a word 6. Connotation – the meaning that is implied by a given word. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations. 7. Idiom – expression peculiar to a particular language that means something different from the literal meaning of each word. Example: “It’s raining cats and dogs. ” or “We heard it through the grapevine” 8. Dialect – way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region or a particular group of people

LIST 3 VOCABULARY 9. Allusion – a figure of speech that refers to a well-known story, event, person, or object in order to make a comparison in the readers' minds. 10. Flashback – a scene that interrupts the present action of the plot with a previous event. Flashbacks provide background and context for current events. 11. Imagery - Language that appeals to the senses. 12. Symbol - Using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning. 13. Dynamic Character – A character who goes through a significant internal change throughout the course of the story. 14. Static Character – A character who does not go through a significant internal change.