ShopField Testing of Abrasives for Conformance to SSPC

Shop/Field Testing of Abrasives for Conformance to SSPC Abrasive Standards William Corbett, SSPC PCS KTA-Tator, Inc.

Webinar Content � Review of Abrasive Types � Review of SSPC Abrasive Standards � Abrasive Qualification Tests � Abrasive Conformance Tests � Abrasive Sampling Frequencies � Benefits of Pre-production Testing

Abrasive Types (not exhaustive) � Minerals and Slags Silica sand Garnet Olivine Staurolite Coal slag Copper Slag Nickel slag Post-consumer crushed glass ◦ Glass beads ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ � Metallic ◦ Steel grit ◦ Steel shot ◦ Aluminum oxide � Agricultural (ground) ◦ Corn cobs ◦ Walnut shells ◦ Peach pits � Encapsulated Media ◦ Compressible matrix

SSPC Abrasive Standards � SSPC-AB 1, “Mineral and Slag Abrasives” (January 2015) � SSPC-AB 2, “Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives” (March 2015) � SSPC-AB 3, “Ferrous Metallic Abrasive” (November 2004) � SSPC-AB 4, “Recyclable Encapsulated Abrasive Media” (September 2009)

Hierarchy of Testing Qualification Testing (Manufacturer) Conformance Testing (Purchaser) Quality Control Testing (End User)

SSPC-AB 1, “Mineral and Slag Abrasives” � Two Types ◦ Type I: Natural Mineral Abrasives ◦ Type II: By-product or Manufactured Abrasives � Three Classes (crystalline silica content) ◦ Class A: < 1. 0% ◦ Class B: < 5. 0% ◦ Class C: Unrestricted � Five ◦ ◦ ◦ Grades (surface profile ranges) Grade Grade 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 0. 5 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 – – – 1. 5 2. 5 3. 5 5. 0 6. 0 mils mils (13 -38 µm) (25 -64 µm) (51 -89 µm) (75 -127 µm) (102 -152 µm)

SSPC-AB 1, “Mineral and Slag Abrasives” � Qualification Tests 1. Specific Gravity (ASTM C 128) – Minimum 2. 5 2. Hardness – Minimum 6 Mohs 3. Weight Change on Ignition �Maximum weight loss is 1. 0% �Maximum weight gain is 5. 0% 4. Water soluble contaminants (ASTM D 4940) • Maximum 1000 µS/cm 5. Moisture Content (ASTM C 566) 6. 7. 8. 9. �Maximum 0. 5% by weight Oil Content (ASTM D 7393) – No visible Crystalline silica content (Class A, B or C) Surface Profile Yield (Grade 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) Particle Size Distribution (ASTM C 136) �Per supplier sieve distribution 10. TCLP for Hazardous Materials Content • Less than EPA limits

SSPC-AB 1, “Mineral and Slag Abrasives” � Conformance Tests ◦ If purchaser requires batch/lot testing 1. Hardness (laboratory) 2. Weight Change on Ignition (laboratory) 3. Water Soluble Contaminants (shop/field or lab) 4. Moisture Content (laboratory) 5. Oil Content (shop/field or lab) 6. Particle Size Distribution (laboratory)

SSPC-AB 1, “Mineral and Slag Abrasives” � Quality � One Control Tests test every 50 bags, or three tests per bulk shipment � End-user shall perform 1. Water Soluble Contaminants (300 m. L/sample) 2. Oil Content (125 m. L/sample)

Water Soluble Contaminants � ASTM Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø D 4940 Verify accuracy of conductivity meter Add 300 m. L of distilled water to 300 m. L of abrasive Stir 1 minute Let sit for 8 minutes Stir 1 minute Filter & discard 10 m. L Filter remaining liquid Test conductivity of source water and “extract” Deduct conductivity of source water Acceptance: Maximum 1000µS/cm

Water Soluble Contaminants � Calculations: ◦ Conductivity of Abrasive Extract: ◦ Conductivity of Source Water: ◦ Corrected Conductivity of Abrasive Extract: Note: 1 m. S/cm = 1000 µS/cm 358 µS/cm - 4 µS/cm 354 µS/cm

Chloride Ion-specific Testing � Kit contains: ◦ Cups for measurement of abrasive quantity ◦ Proprietary extraction solution (premeasured) ◦ Chloride ion indicator tubes � Results in PPM � Four tests per kit

Oil Content � ASTM D 7393 Tap water 68 -95 F (> 1” above abrasive) Ø Shake for 1 minute Ø Sit up to 5 minutes Ø Visual assessment of water surface for sheen Ø Acceptance: No visually detectable oil Ø

SSPC-AB 1 Appendices (non-mandatory) � Appendix A: Cleaning and Consumption Rate; Abrasive Breakdown Test Procedures � Appendix B: Additional Worker Safety and Hazardous Waste Testing ◦ ◦ Friability Crystalline Silica Content Hazardous Waste Minimization Quality Assurance Provisions � Appendix D: Checklists for Abrasive Tests

Test AB 1 Section Manufacturer AB 1 w/ Append. B AB 1 only Conformance (Purchaser) Specific Gravity 4. 1. 1 X X Mohs Hardness 4. 1. 2 X X X Weight Change on Ignition 4. 1. 3 X X X (if required by App. B) Water Soluble Contaminants 4. 1. 4 X X X Moisture Content 4. 1. 5 X X X Oil Content 4. 1. 6 X X X Crystalline Silica 4. 1. 7 X X Surface Profile 4. 1. 8 X X Particle Size Distribution 4. 1. 9 X X 4. 1. 10. 1 X X Not Hazardous Waste per TCLP X Field (end -user) X X

SSPC-AB 2, “Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives” � Requirements Prior to First use at Project Site: ◦ Lead Content (ASTM D 3335): Maximum 1, 000 PPM ◦ Water Soluble Contaminants (ASTM D 4940) �Maximum 1000 µS/cm ◦ Oil Content (ASTM D 7393): No visible oil ◦ Particle Size Distribution (SSPC-PA 17) �Capable of achieving/maintaining specified surface profile

SSPC-AB 2, “Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives” � Requirements: 12 -hour intervals or once per shift (whichever shorter) ◦ Water Soluble Contaminants (ASTM D 4940) �Maximum 1000 µS/cm ◦ Oil Content (ASTM D 7393): No visible oil ◦ Particle Size Distribution (SSPC-PA 17) �Capable of achieving/maintaining specified surface profile

SSPC-AB 3, “Ferrous Metallic Abrasives” � Draft revision under committee review � Quality Assurance Tests (Supplier) Particle Size: ASTM C 136 Specific Gravity: ASTM C 128 Chemical composition: ASTM E 1019 & E 350 Hardness (ASTM E 384) Durability (Ervin Test Machine or equivalent) Abrasive Cleanliness (dust, oil, corrosion, non-magnetic material ◦ Water Soluble Contaminants (ASTM D 4940) ◦ ◦ ◦ �Maximum conductivity 1, 000 µS/cm

SSPC-AB 4, “Recyclable Encapsulated Abrasive Media” � Qualification Tests (manufacturer) 1. Grit Requirements (per SSPC-AB 1 or SSPC-AB 3) If Aluminum Oxide: 95% content; Minimum S. G. 3. 60 2. Dust Control �Per EPA Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors �After 10 cycles, below 0. 02 kg/kg of total particulate �After 10 cycles, below 0. 004 kg/kg of PM-10 3. Surface Profile Yield 4. Water soluble contaminants (ASTM D 4940) • Maximum 1000 µS/cm 5. Oil Content (ASTM D 7393) – No visible 6. Health & Safety Requirements

SSPC-AB 4, “Recyclable Encapsulated Abrasive Media” � Conformance Tests (purchaser) 1. Grit Requirements (per SSPC-AB 1 or SSPC-AB 3) If Aluminum Oxide: 95% content; Minimum S. G. 3. 60 2. Water soluble contaminants (ASTM D 4940) • Maximum 1000 µS/cm 3. Oil Content (ASTM D 7393) – No visible

SSPC-AB 4, “Recyclable Encapsulated Abrasive Media” � Quality Control Tests (end user) 1. Surface Profile Yield (per specification) 2. Particle Size Distribution • All particles through ANSI #3 screen • Maximum 10% pass through ANSI #20 screen 3. Classifier Efficiency • Two hours after start-up • Repeat every two hours for a total of 3 tests • Thereafter every 10 hours of operation 4. Water soluble contaminants (ASTM D 4940) • Three samples collected at 3 different times in 8 -hours • Maximum 1000 µS/cm 5. Oil Content (ASTM D 7393) – No visible

Additional Information � Referenced Requirements in SSPC Abrasive Blast Cleaning Standards ◦ Abrasive Cleanliness ◦ Compressed Air Cleanliness (ASTM D 4285) ◦ Removal of grease/oil per SSPC-SP 1 Solvent Cleaning � Pre-production Recommendations ◦ Establish a project-specific cleanliness standard ◦ Measure the surface profile to verify yield

Shop/Field Testing of Abrasives for Conformance to SSPC Abrasive Standards William Corbett, SSPC PCS KTA-Tator, Inc. Questions?