SHKOLLA E MESME EKONOMIKE ISA BOLETINI PODUJEVE Plural

SHKOLLA E MESME EKONOMIKE “ISA BOLETINI” PODUJEVE Plural of Nouns Done by: Selvie Salihu

Plural Rule 1 • • • Most words add ‘s’ to make the plural. one apple two apples desk →desks month →months book →books train →trains pen → pens name →names shop →shops friend →friends chair →chairs teacher→teachers

1. Try these… • • • pencil → road → flower → girl → plant → window → door → cake → banana → shoe →

Plural Rule 2 Add ‘es’ to words ending in ‘ch’, ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘x’ or ‘z’ to make the plural. • one box many boxes • wish →wishes beach →beaches • cross →crosses waltz →waltzes • bus → buses church→churches • dish →dishes loss →losses • fox →foxes bunch →bunches

2. Try these… • • • watch → pitch → wax → class → gas → • • • glass → dress → bush → hutch → quiz →

Plural Rule 3 When the letter before a ‘y’ is a consonant, change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ before adding an ‘es’. • one baby two babies • city → cities • pony → ponies • reply → replies berry → family → lady → berries families ladies

3. Try these… • • • daisy → ferry → army → party → fly → • • • diary → cherry→ belly → jelly → filly →

Plural Rule 4 When words end in ‘ay’, ‘ey’, ‘iy’, ’oy’, and ‘uy’ add an ‘s’ to make the plural. • • one donkey day → days key → keys play → plays two donkeys boy → boys delay →delays guy →guys

4. Try these. . . • • • quay → valley → tray → pulley → toy → • • • monkey → trolley → buoy → relay → holiday →

Plural Rule 5 When words end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change the ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to a ‘v’ before adding ‘es’. • one knife • leaf → • half → • wife → two knives leaves halves wives life → lives hoof →hooves thief →thieves

5. Try these. . . • • wolf → elf → loaf → self → calf → shelf → Exceptions → cliffs, chiefs, roofs, dwarfs and handkerchiefs.

Plural Rule 6 When a word ends in an ‘o’ and comes after a consonant, add ‘es’ to make the plural. • one tomato two tomatoes • cargo → cargoes • echo → echoes • volcano →volcanoes mango → mangoes hero → heroes torpedo→ torpedoes

6. Try these. . . • • potato → avocado → mosquito → domino → buffalo → dingo → Exceptions → pianos, solos, radios and Eskimos.

Plural Rules 7 • Sometimes a word may completely change its form when a plural is made. • one child two children • person →people • man → men • cactus →cacti goose →geese woman →women fungus →fungi

7. Try these. . . • tooth → • dice → • foot → • mouse → • nucleus → • criterion →

Plural Rule 8 • Sometimes a word may stay the same in both its singular and plural form. • one fish many fish • tuna → tuna • deer → deer • moose → moose trout → sheep → series → trout sheep series

8. Try these. . • aircraft → • species → • offspring → • salmon → • bream → • perch →

1. Answers • • • pencil →pencils road → roads flower →flowers girl →girls plant →plants window →windows door →doors cake →cakes banana →bananas shoe → shoes

2. Answers • • • watch →watches pitch →pitches wax →waxes class →classes gas →gases • • • glass → glasses dress → dresses bush →bushes hutch →hutches quiz →quizzes

3. Answer • • • daisy →daisies ferry →ferries army →armies party →parties fly →flies • • • diary → diaries cherry→ cherries belly →bellies jelly →jellies filly →fillies

4. Answer • • • quay → quays valley → valleys tray → trays pulley → trays toy → toys • • • monkey →monkeys trolley →trolleys boy →boys relay →relays holiday →holidays

6. Answer • • potato → potatoes avocado → avocadoes mosquito → mosquitoes domino → dominoes buffalo → buffaloes dingo → dingoes Exceptions → pianos, solos, radios and Eskimos.

5. Answer • • wolf →wolves elf →elves loaf →loaves self →selves calf →calves shelf →shelves Exceptions → cliffs, chiefs, roofs, dwarfs and handkerchiefs.

7. Answer • tooth →teeth • man →men • foot →feet mouse → mice • medium →media • criterion →criteria •

8. Answer • aircraft → aircraft • species → species • offspring → offspring • salmon →salmon • bream →bream • perch →perch

Exercise Read the following passage. Write S in the box after each singular noun and P in the box after each plural noun. • Our teacher ----is a very nice lady. She’s very kind to all the children ------- in the class ------and she tells us very funny stories -----. Yesterday, she told a story ----- about the animals ----on a farm----. They all had a race -------. The pigs ------- and sheep------- ran faster than the ducks and cows ----- , but the heroes ----- of the story ------ were the mice -------. They were faster than all the other animals -------, even though they had the shortest legs -------!

Questions?