Sheep goats production Lecture No 12 Sheep and

History of sheep and goat origin • Sheep and Goat were first animals domesticated

Origin & domestication of sheep: • Most domesticated sheep came from the wild sheep:

More confusion about the ancestry of sheep because; • Large number of breeds &

Position of sheep & goats in the zoological scheme Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub

Differences bet. Goats & Sheep • Sheep have stockier bodies than goats. • Goats

Table 1 Shows genetic, physical, reproduction parameters of sheep and goat Physical features Genetic

Importance and socioeconomic relevance of sheep and goats Table 2 Sheep and Goat products

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Sheep & goats production Lecture No. 1&2 Sheep and Goat origin, zoological scheme, their socioeconomically importance, and population. Sheep breeds By Dr. Abdulqader A. Hussein, Lecturer- Animal resources Department Salahaddin university-Erbil

History of sheep and goat origin • Sheep and Goat were first animals domesticated after dog. • Domesticate= breeding largely & controlled by human • Domesticated sheep and Goat around 9000 -10, 000 BC. • Which one first Sheep or Goat domest. ? = NOT clear • Zagros mountain= Mesopotamia= Iraq-Iran border

Origin & domestication of sheep: • Most domesticated sheep came from the wild sheep: 1 - Mouflon = 54 chromos. I-European(Med. Islands; Corsica&Sardinia). Ovis musimon II- Asiatic (Caucasus). O. orientalis Both relatives, but the European redder with different twist to the horns. 2 - Asiatic Urial = 58 chr. (Central Asia). O. vignei Smaller than the Mouflon Urial

More confusion about the ancestry of sheep because; • Large number of breeds & marked changes. • Differences in appearance bet. domestic & their wild sheep: Character wild sheep Tail: short Coat: outercoat is hairy & covers a short woolly undercoat. brown. Horn: Behavior: spiral & big Virility domestic sheep long outer coat is absent. white & black. smaller or hornless timid

Position of sheep & goats in the zoological scheme Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub phylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Sub Class: Euthreia Order : Artiodactyla Sub order : Ruminantia (pecora) Family : Bovidae Sub Family: Caprinae Tribe : Caprini Genus : Ovis (sheep) Capra (goats) Species : aries (sheep) hircus (goats)

Differences bet. Goats & Sheep • Sheep have stockier bodies than goats. • Goats have short tails & are held upwards; sheep tails hang down. • Goat horns are long & grow upward, backward & outward; sheep horns are spirally twisted. • ♂ goats have beards at the chain; sheep do not. ♂

Table 1 Shows genetic, physical, reproduction parameters of sheep and goat Physical features Genetic Male Reproduction Female Reproduction Sheep Goat Tail length Short Tail carriage Downwards Upwards Beard Absent Present Body coat Wool Coat Chromosome number 54 60 Taxonomy Ovis aries Capra hircus Buck x female Sterile Fertile Ram x female Fertile Embryonic death Mating Age at puberty (months) 4 to 6 mating (male: female 01: 30 01: 50 Age at puberty (months) 6 to 9 5 to 7

Importance and socioeconomic relevance of sheep and goats Table 2 Sheep and Goat products and services in Asia. Products Service Meat (raw, cooked, blood, soup) Cash income and investment Milk (fresh, sour, yogurt, butter, cheese) Security and insurance Skins (clothes, shoes, water/grain containers, tents, handcraft, Prestige in ownership wool and Hair (fabrics, carpet, clothes, coarse hair rugs, tents, ropes, wigs, fish lures) Gifts and loans Horns Bones (handcraft) Manure and urine (crops, fish) Religious rituals (e. g. , sacrifi cial slaughter) Human nutrition (meat, milk) Medicine Draught power Control of bush encroachment