Sharing net Library eBooks Among the Academic Libraries

Sharing net. Library e-Books Among the Academic Libraries in Taiwan Ellen F. Liu Professor, Graduate Institute of Library and Information Science, National Chung-Hsing University 1

Outline • Introduction • Related Literature • Consortium Purchasing of e-Books in Taiwan • Discussion 2

Introduction I – Higher Education System SY 2005 -2006 General Technology Total Universities Colleges Junior Colleges 60 10 29 46 17 162 3

Introduction II – Number of Students SY 2005 -2006 Univ. & Colleges 938, 648 Master Programs 149, 493 Ph. D. Programs 27, 531 Junior Colleges 180, 886 Total 1, 296, 558 4

Introduction III – Number of Faculty & Staff SY 2005 -2006 Faculty Full-time 47, 317 Part-time 41, 601 Assistants 2, 284 Staff 18, 669 Total 109, 871 (Source: Summary of Universities, Colleges, and Junior Colleges, SY 2005 -2006) SY 2005 -2006 Total Students & Staff in HE 1, 406, 429 Question: How many of these would use e-books? Probably less than 16%. 5

Introduction III – Number of Faculty & Staff SY 2005 -2006 (cont’d) If an estimate of 260, 000 “Others”—nondegree students, alumni, retirees… is added, the academic libraries would serve an estimated total of 1, 690, 000 users. (Source: 2005 Library Yearbook) With this estimate, the percentage of potential e-book users would be even lower. 6

E-Book & Collection Development Deliberations at the Turn of the New Millennium • Publishing trends in e resources: databases, e-journals, e-books… • Expenditures (from a survey of 159 libraries of HE in 2004) Printed Books 37% Printed Journals 35% AV 5% E Resources 22% 7

E-Book & Collection Development Deliberations at the Turn of the New Millennium (cont’d) • Collections of E Resources Types No. of Lib Average Size Max. Size E Journals 131 7, 968 63, 632 Databases 136 81 943 E Books 127 5, 851 311, 965 Other E Resources 97 484 29, 783 • Manpower 135 libraries Average 1, 696 staff 12. 6 per lib • Reading & Circulation Collections to Support Educational Programs, Research… Scholarly Communication vs. Leisure Reading English Books vs. Chinese Books 8

Related Literature－Taiwan Early Experience of Tamkang University Library Purchased net. Library 1, 200 volumes in July 2000 Usage Statistics Reported: July 2000 -Oct. 11, 2001 Total Accesses 577 Subjects Accessed Most Business & Economics 92 Library Science 92 Literature 57 One observation: the net. Library model, befitting consortium purchase, could augment shared resources. (Hwang & Li, 2001) 9

Related Literature－UK 2001 Londsdale & Armstrong: a slow acceptance of nearly all digital textual Resources other than journals 2003 Garrrod: net. Library was the main supplier of ebooks to UK academic libraries. One factor affecting the take-up of ebooks in the UK was content and services have been developed by US companies for the US market. 10

Related Literature －Australia 2001 Nelson—experience of Victoria Univ. in a pilot consortium subscription of CAVAL VU: 12 campuses, 50, 000 students. 3, 000 faculty & staff. Decided to select high-use items, 20 reserve titles with a match on net. Library. CAVAL: a consortium of VU libraries and the State Lib of Victoria. 11

Related Literature －Australia (cont’d) Number of Titles not titles used Total useto-date Titles most used (economics) VC 20 43% 406 23% consortium 303 9% 3611 28% Author noted : “ people prefer access to selection ” and VU’s selection would not represent a critical mass of content, a meaningful collection to choose from or deliver statistical use reports from. 12

Related Literature－US: Case 1 2001 Dillon, pt. 1—Experience of Univ. of Texas at Austin E-Book Collections from net. Library Amigos 11, 000 titles Tex. Share 5, 000 titles UT System 5, 300 titles 9, 000 vols Amigos: a large network of 750 libraries mainly from five southern states Tex. Share: all Texas public and academic libraries UT System: 15 libraries ( 9 academic, 6 medical) 13

Related Literature－US: Case 1 (cont’d) Univ. of Texas at Austin E-book titles that have received at least one use Collection and user group % Titles in the global net. Library collection which have been used by any library 77 Titles in the Amigo net. Library collection used by any AMIGOS library 71 Titles in the statewide Texas State Library collection used by any library 54 Titles in the UT System net. Library collection used by any UT System library 32 Titles in the Amigos net. Library collection used by UT-Austin 24 Titles in the UT system net. Library collection used by UT-Austin 15 14 （Dillon pt. 1, 2001）

Related Literature－US: Case 2 2001 Ramirez & Gyeszly—Experience of Texas A&M Univ e-Book Collections Amigos TSLAC (Texas State Library & Archives Commission) 10, 000 9, 000 TAMU 193* ( since Jan. 2001) *a committee selected 15 subject areas historically tended to have high circulation 15

Related Literature－US: Case 2 (cont’d) Texas A&M Univ Accesses Aug. 2000 -Jan. 2001 (180 days) Feb. —May 2001 (90 days) 1, 356 3, 128 (incl. 61 of TAMU collection) Total accesses 4, 484 Authors noted : “ Surprisingly, the almost 200 specially selected e -books were not very heavily accessed by users. ” Also 9 of 15 subjects, 60% of selected categories, were never used during Feb. -May, 2001. 16

Related Literature－US: Case 3 2003 Langston—Experience of Calf. State Univ. e-book Pilot Project Use by Collections (net. Library) Mar. -Dec. 2001 Titles Accesses Purchased 821 8, 244 (47%) Lease/Multi User 701 9, 229 (53%) Total 1, 522 17, 473 Size of the User Group: CSU in the fall of 2001 -- 23 campuses, 388, 700 students, 22, 000 faculty 17

Consortium Purchasing of E-Books in Taiwan • TEBNET ( Taiwan E-Book Network)— initial organizational meetings began in Apr. 2001, started to share e-books in May 2002, gained formal approval as a cooperatoive on Sept. 15, 2004. 18

Consortium Purchasing of E-Books in Taiwan (cont’d) Members by Type of HE Institutes Year Dec. 2002 Dec. 2003 Sept. 2004 Type Univ. 15 22 29 College 6 7 9 Jr. College 0 1 1 Total 21 30 39 19

Usage of the First Shared Collection Accesses by All Members: No. of Lib E-Book Titles E-Book Vols. Accesses May-Dec. 2002 21 21 6, 156 7, 128 15, 272 Jan. -May 2003 21 6, 156 7, 128 （9, 283） June-Dec. 2003 30 10, 590 11, 481 （18, 420） Jan. -Sept. 2004 30 10, 590 11, 481 43, 365 Total *Additional 3, 007 free titles could be accessed. 27, 703 86, 340 20

Usage of the First Shared Collection (cont’d) Accesses by Individual Libraries: May 2002—Sept. 2004 Rank Accesses Cum. % 1 14638 16. 95% 2 8826 27. 18% 3 8179 36. 65% 4 7992 45. 91% 5 7954 55. 12% 1538 89. 35% 26 307 98. 75% 27 238 99. 02% 28 187 99. 24% 29 179 99. 45% 30 121 99. 59% 31 (TEBNET Consortium Collection) 358 100. 00% Total 86340 ---14 ---- 21

Usage of the First Shared Collection (cont’d) Accesses by Subjects: May 2002—Sept. 2004 Accesses % No. of E-Books % Ratio of Use Business, Economics and Management 12253 14. 19% 1981 18. 71% 75. 87% Computers 10538 12. 21% 708 6. 69% 182. 56% Technology, Engineering and Manufacturing 10227 11. 85% 625 5. 90% 200. 70% Language and Linguistics 5702 6. 60% 453 4. 28% 154. 39% Chemistry 5072 5. 87% 200 1. 89% 311. 05% History: World and General 243 0. 28% 64 0. 60% 46. 57% Travel and Geography 235 0. 27% 77 0. 73% 37. 43% Sports and Recreation 191 0. 22% 61 0. 58% 38. 40% Sociology and Anthropology 182 0. 21% 50 0. 47% 44. 65% History: United States 50 0. 06% 35 0. 33% 17. 52% Other 211 0. 24% 34 0. 32% 76. 12% Total 86340 100. 00% 10590 100. 00% ---- 22

Usage of the First Shared Collection (cont’d) Accesses by Ratio of Use*: May 2002—Sept. 2004 Ratio of Use Accesses % No. of E-Books % Chemistry 311. 05% 5072 5. 87% 200 1. 89% Technology, Engineering and Manufacturing 200. 70% 10227 11. 85% 625 5. 90% Library Science and Publishing 191. 10% 2711 3. 14% 174 1. 64% Biology and Life Sciences 188. 22% 4312 4. 99% 281 2. 65% Computers 182. 56% 10538 12. 21% 708 6. 69% Travel and Geography 37. 43% 235 0. 27% 77 0. 73% Political Science 37. 20% 279 0. 32% 92 0. 87% Home Economics 37. 09% 505 0. 58% 167 1. 58% Religion 33. 84% 516 0. 60% 187 1. 77% History: United States 17. 52% 50 0. 06% 35 0. 33% Other 76. 12% 211 0. 24% 34 0. 32% Total 100. 00% 86340 100. 00% 10590 100. 00% ---- *A “ratio of use” is calculated using the percentage of total access and the percentage of titles in a subject area. (Langston 2003) 23

Discussion 1. Shared Collections of e-Books − Consortium Purchase Through TEBNET − Usage of e-Books − University and Junior College Libraries 2. E-Books Supplied by net. Library − Collection Policy and Selection Process − US Market Oriented − Barriers 24

Discussion (cont’d) 3. Statistics and Usage − Reliability − Usage of Print and e –Books − Subject Categories 4. A Critical Mass of E Content − Collection Size and Variations − A Critical Mass of Users − Quantities of Available e-books 5. Publishing e-Book 25

The End Thank You! 26