Shalat Prayer Definition Shalat Doa Pray Ucapan dan

Shalat Prayer

Definition • Shalat = Doa = Pray • Ucapan dan perbuatan yang diawali dengan takbir dan diakhiri dengan salam, disertai dengan niat shalat. Reading and actions started by takbir and ended by salaam, with a specific intention.

Syarat wajib shalat Conditions that oblige to do prayers 1. Islam –Being a moslem 2. Berakal –Being sensible Ikhtilaf ulama –Different opinions among scholars Syafi’i : Jika hilang ingatan (mis. Pingsan) melewati satu waktu shalat, maka gugur kewajiban shalat tersebut. Tidak wajib qadha. Syafi’i : If someone has lost memory (ex. fainting) thorough one prayer period, then he is not obliged to do and to compensate that prayer. Hanafy : Gugur kewajibannya jika melewati enam waktu shalat. Hanafy: The obligation to do and compensate the prayer will be removed if the memory lost duration passes six prayer periods.

Syarat wajib shalat Conditions that oblige to do prayers 3. Baligh –having had wet dream (man) or menstruation (woman) Anak usia 7 tahun, mumayyiz : ajari shalat Child aged 7 years old, mumayyiz : teach him/her to do prayer Anak usia 10 tahun : pukul jika ia meninggalkan shalat Child aged 10 years old: beat him/her if he/she leave the prayer Ask your children to do prayer if their ages reach seven years old, beat them if they reach ten years old (and leave prayers), and separate their beds (between boys and girls).

Syarat wajib shalat Conditions that oblige to do prayers 4. Telah sampai kepadanya ajakan untuk shalat Already received the order to do prayer And the sinner can not endure other people’s sins. And, we will not torment until we send a Prophet – Al Isra 15 5. Tidak sedang haid atau nifas Not being in menstruation or childbirth period

Syarat sah shalat Requirements of prayer 1. Mengetahui masuknya waktu shalat Knowing that the prayer time is started 2. Suci dari hadat besar dan kecil Free from small and major hadats 3. Suci badan, pakaian dan tempat shalat Body, clothes, and place of the prayer are free from najis 4. Menutup aurat Covering the aurat

Aurat • Laki-laki Men : dari pusat sampai lutut : from navel to knee Hey, Ma’mar. Cover your thighs. Verily, your thighs are aurat (that should be covered) • Perempuan Women : seluruh tubuh, kecuali wajah : all of her body, except face Syafi’i dan Hanafy: kecuali wajah dan telapak tangan Syafi’i and Hanafy: except face and palms

Syarat sah shalat Requirements of prayer 5. Menghadap kiblat Facing qibla And from wherever you go out [for prayer], turn your face toward al. Masjid al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] may be, turn your faces toward it. –Al Baqarah 150 –

When people did Subuh prayer in Quba mosque, then came to them: Verily, a revelation of Qur’an came down to the Prophet Saw at a night, and he was ordered to face qibla. Then the Prophet faced the qibla. At the past, they had faced Syam (Baitul Maqdis), then they turned around to face Ka’ba. They had faced Baitul Maqdis for 16 months until they were ordered to face Ka’ba.

That the Prophet Saw did a sunnah prayer when he back from his journey and faced where ever he headed, by nodding his head. Ibnu Umar also did so. In another narration: He did so on his camel. In Muslim’s narration: He did not do that for the wajib prayer. In Bukhari’s narration: Except for wajib prayer.

From Anas ibn Sirin, he said: We came to Anas ra when he backed from Syam, then we met him in ‘Ayn Tamr (Western part of Iraq). We saw him doing prayer on his donkey, and he faced to west –qibla was on his left side – then I said, “I saw you did not face qibla when prayed? ” He answered, “If I did not see the Prophet did so, the I don’t do that. ” Berlaku untuk shalat sunnah – Applied for sunnah prayer

Empat Situasi Tidak Menghadap Kiblat Four situations allowing to not facing qibla a. Shalat di kendaraan – Prayer on/in a vehicle That the Prophet Saw ever prayed on his vehicle while he was heading from Mecca to Medina and he was facing towards the vehicle leads. (Narrated by Ahmad, Muslim, and Tirmidzi) b. Shalat yang dilakukan dalam paksaan, misalnya dalam keadaan terikat Doing prayer while in coercion, for example bounded. c. Saat sakit, dan tidak ada yang membantu mengarahkan ke kiblat While sick, and there is no one helping to head towards qibla d. Dalam keadaan bahaya (takut) – In state of danger (fear)

Syarat sah shalat Requirements of prayer 6. Niat – Intention Maliky dan Syafi’i : niat bukan syarat, tetapi rukun shalat Maliky and Syafi’i : intention is not requirement, but pillar of prayer

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 1. Niat, menurut Syafi’i dan Maliky Intention, according to Syafi’I dan Maliky • Diucapkan atau tidak? Being spoken or not? Yang penting, di dalam hati. Mengucapkannya akan memantapkan hati. Intention is indeed in heart. Saying it will strengthen what inside the heart. • Adakah lafal niat tertentu? Is there specific text of intention?

Mengubah niat di tengah shalat, bolehkah? Are we allowed to change the intention of doing prayer in the middle of the prayer? a. Mengubah niat shalat muayyan (tertentu) ke shalat mu’ayyan (tertentu) lainnya, tidak boleh. Changing the intention of doing muayyan (specific) prayer to other mu’ayyan (specific) prayer is not allowed. b. Mengubah niat shalat mutlaq ke shalat mu’ayyan (tertentu), tidak boleh. Changing the intention of doing mutlaq (unspecified) prayer to mu’ayyan (specific) prayer is not allowed. c. Mengubah niat shalat mu’ayyan (tertentu) ke shalat mutlaq, boleh Changing the intention of doing mu’ayyan (specific) prayer to mutlaq (unspecified) prayer is allowed.

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 2. Takbiratul Ihram Kunci shalat adalah suci, yang mengharamkannya (dari berkata-kata; maksudnya permulaan shalat) adalah takbir dan yang menghalalkannya (dari berkata-kata; maksudnya akhir shalat) adalah salam. The key of prayer is purity; the prayer is started by takbir and ended by salam. Lafaz – The text ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ

Mengangkat tangan saat takbiratul ihram Lifting both hands during takbiratul ihram Hukumnya: sunnah – recommended. Mana yang benar? Which one is correct?

• Dari Ibn Umar ra – From Ibn Umar ra ﺭ ﻛ ﺛﻢ ، ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻴﻪ ﺣﺬﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ Jika Rasul melakukan shalat, dia mengangkat tangannya sampai bahu, kemudian takbir If the Prophet did a prayer, he lifted his hands up to his shoulder, then he say takbir. –Narrated by Muslim • Dari Malik ibn al Huwairits – From Malik ibn al Huwairits ﻭ ﺍ ﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ، ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻭ Aku pernah melihat Nabi Saw mengangkat tangannya ketika takbir (ihram), ketika ruku, bangkit dari ruku, sampai sejajar kedua telinganya. I ever saw the Prophet Saw lifted his hands when he said takbir (al ihram), when (before) ruku’, and rose from ruku’, and his arms were equal to his ears. –Narrated by An Nasa’i dan Ahmad

• Ikhtilaf ulama –Different opinions among scholar Sunnah mengangkat tangan saat: Recommended to lift hands when: • Hanafy, Maliky: Hanya takbiratul ihram –Only takbiratul ihram • Hanbaly : takbiratul ihram, ruku, dan bangkit dari ruku takbiratul ihram, before ruku and raise from ruku • Syafi’i : takbiratul ihram, ruku, bangkit dari sujud untuk rakaat ketiga takbiratul ihram, before ruku, raise from ruku, and raise from sujud for the third rakaat.

• Dari Abu Hurairah –From Abu Hurairah ra ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻱ ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﺍ Jika Rasulullah Saw memulai shalat, ia mengangkat tangannya dengan (jari -jarinya) dibentangkan. If the Prophet Saw started his prayer, he lifted his hands, and his fingers were unfolded

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 3. Berdiri dalam shalat fardhu, jika mampu Standing when doing wajib prayer, if he/she is able to do so ﻧ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺘ ﻟﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﺍ ﺗﺴﺘﻉ ﻟﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﺍ ﺻ Shalatlah dengan berdiri, jika tidak mampu maka duduk, jika tidak mampu maka sambil berbaring Do prayer by standing. If you can’t, then do it by sitting. If you can’t, the do it by lying. –Narrated by Bukhari • Tidak wajib berdiri ketika shalat sunnah Standing is not obliged when doing sunnah prayer

Meletakkan tangan saat berdiri Putting hands when standing • Yang mana yang benar? Which one is correct?

• Dari Wail ibn Hujr – From Wail ibn Hujr ﺍﻯ ﻯ ﺍ – ﺍ ﺍ – ﻻ ﺍﻟ ﻯ ﻳ - ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ - ﺍﻟ ﻯ Ia melihat Nabi Saw mengangkat kedua tangannya ketika memulai shalat dan beliau bertakbir (Hammam menyebutkan beliau mengangkatnya sejajar telinga), lalu beliau memasukkan kedua tangannya di bajunya, kemudian beliau meletakkan tangan kanan di atas tangan kiri. He saw the Prophet Saw lifted his hands when started prayer and said takbir –Hammam said that Prophet’s hand up to his ears –then he enter his hand into his cloth, and put his right hand on his left hand. –Narrated by Muslim

• Dari Wail ibn Hujr – From Wail ibn Hujr ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻯ ﻯ ﺍﻯ Kemudian meletakkan tangan kanan di atas punggung telapak tangan kiri, di pergelangan tangan, atau di lengan tangan kiri Then put his right hand on back of left hand, on left wrist, or left arm. – Narrated by Ahmad

Di mana posisinya? Where is its position? • Syafi’i Syafi’I : meletakkannya antara pusar dan dada; boleh miring : put it between navel and chest; lying to left side is allowed Dari Halab Ath Tha’i: Aku melihat Rasulullah meletakkan tangan kanannya di atas tangan kirinya dan (posisinya) di dada di atas pusar. From Halab at Tha’i: I saw the Prophet put his right hand on his left hand (its position) was on between chest and navel. –Narrated by Ahmad • Hanbaly, Hanafy • Maliky : di bawah pusar –below the navel : sunnah meluruskan tangannya : recommended to leave hands straight

Tawajjuh, atau membaca doa iftitah Tawajjuh, or reading iftitah (opening) pray Ikhtilaf ulama –Different opinions among scholars • Jumhur ulama : sunnah Majority of scholars : recommended • Maliky : makruh Maliky : recommended not to do Apa bacaannya? What is the text?

1. Syafi’I 2. Hanafy, Hanbaly Atau / or

Membaca ta’awudz pada rakaat pertama Reading ta’awudz at the first rakaat. ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻋﻮﺫ Ikhtilaf ulama –Different opinion among scholars • Syafi’i : sunnah di tiap rakaat shalat wajib dan sunnah, jahr recommended in every rakaat of sunnah and wajib prayer, jahr (not read loudly) • Hanbaly : sunnah di tiap rakaat, sirr (dibaca pelan) recommended in every rakaat, sirr (not read loudly) • Hanafy : rakaat pertama saja –only at the first rakaat • Maliky : makruh –recommended not to do

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 4. Membaca al Fatihah di setiap rakaat Reading al Fatihah at every rakaat Tidak (sah) shalat bagi orang yang tidak membaca surat Al Fatihah No (valid) prayer for people who do not read Al Fatihah. -Narrated by Jama’ah. Pertanyaan – Question • Apakah perlu membaca basmalah di awal Al Fatihah? Do we need to read basmalah at the beginning of Al Fatihah?

Ikhtilaf ulama – Different opinions among scholars • Syafi’i : basmalah adalah bagian dari Al Fatihah harus dibaca. Dibaca nyaring saat shalat jahr. Dibaca pelan saat shalat sirr. Syafi’i : basmalah is part of Al Fatihah must be read. It is read loudly in jahr (loud) prayer, but quietly in sirr (quiet) prayer. • Dari Nu’aim ibn al Mujammir - From Nu’aim ibn al Mujammir ” : ﺍ ﻭ ، ” ﺍﻟ ” : ﺍ ﻭ ، آﻳ : ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ، ” آﻳ ” : ﺍ ، ” ﺍﻳ ﺍﻟ ﻻ ﻯ ﺍآ , ﻳ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ : ” ﻱ ﺍ : ﺍ ، ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﻻ ﻷ ﻱ ﻱ ﺍﻱ I ever did prayer behind Abu Hurairah, and he read bismillahir rahmanir rahim, then read Ummul Qur’an (Al Fatihah) until waladh dhaalliin. He read, “amin”, then the followers said, “amin”. And he said while did sujud, “Allahu Akbar”. After salam, he said, “For the sake of Allah, my prayer is the most similar prayer that the Prophet Saw did. ” -Narrated by Nasa’I, Ibn Hibban, and Ibn Khuzaimah-

• Selain Syafi’i : basmalah bukan bagian Al Fatihah Others than Syafi’i : basmalah is not part of Al Fatihah • Hanafy, Hanbaly : sunnah dibaca pelan –recommended, read quietly ﺍﺍﻳ ﻟﻠ ﺑﺎ : ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺤﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ، ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻭﻋﻤ ﺑﻜ ﻭﺃﺒﺎ ﻭﺳ ﻋﻠﻴ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺻﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺒ ﺃ “Nabi Shallallahu’alaihi Wasallam, Abu Bakar, Umar, mereka membuka shalat dengan Alhamdulillahi rabbil ‘alamin” The Prophet Saw, Abu Bakar, and Umar started the prayer by reading Alhamdulillahi rabbil ‘ alamin. –Narrated by Bukhari • Maliky : makruh –recommended not to read.

Pertanyaan – Question • Ketika shalat berjamaah, apakah ma’mum perlu membaca Al Fatihah? During a congregational prayer, does the follower need to read Al Fatihah?

Ikhtilaf ulama – Different opinions among scholars • Syafi’i : wajib bagi ma’mum membaca Al Fatihah. Syafi’i : obliged for the followers to read Al Fatihah Dari Ubadah ibn Shamit –From Ubadah ibn Shamit ﺍﻟﻠ ﺍ ﻻ ﻱ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺍ . ﺍ ﺍ ﻭ ﺍ ﻻ ﻻ ﺍﺍ ﺍ ﻻ ﻻﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﺍ We were behind the Prophet in a Fajr prayer, then he read and found that the reading was very hard. After the prayer, he said, “Did you read when praying behind me. ” We answered, “Yes, O Prophet. ” He said, “Don’t do that, except (reading) Al Fatihah. No (valid) prayer for those who do not read Al Fatihah. ” –Narrated by Abu Dawud

• Kecuali, bagi ma’mum masbuq (yang tertinggal). Except, for the followers who left behind (masbuq) • Maliky, Hanbaly : sunnah, dibaca pelan –recommended, quietly Hanafy : tidak perlu, makruh –not needed, recommended not to read it ﻭ ﻧﻭﺍ ۥ ٱﻭﺍ ٱﺍ ﺍ Dan apabila dibacakan Al-Qur’an, maka dengarkanlah dan diamlah, agar kamu mendapat rahmat. And if the Qur’an is read, listen to it and quiet, that you may be merciful. - Al A’raf 24 -

• Perlukah membaca “Aamiin” di akhir Al Fatihah? Do we need to say “Aamiin” at the end of Al Fatihah? • Dalam shalat sirr, semua sepakat membaca “Aamiin” sunnah, baik shalat munfarid (sendiri) maupun jamaah In sirr (quiet) prayer, all scholars agree saying “Aamiin” is recommended, both in munfarid (alone) prayer or congregatiuonal prayer. • Bagaimana dalam shalat jahr? How is it in loud prayer? Aamiiin

Ikhtilaf ulama – Different opinions among scholars • Syafi’i, Hanbaly dan sebagian Maliky : Sunnah bagi imam, ma’mum dan shalat munfarid Syafi’I, Hanbaly and some Maliky scholars: recommended for imam (leader), ma’mum (follower) and in munfarid (alone) prayer ﺫﻧﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ، ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜ ﺗﺄﻤﻴﻩ ﻭﺍﻓ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ، ﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﺄ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﺃ ﺇﺫﺍ “Jika imam mengucapkan ‘amin’ maka hendaknya ucapkanlah ‘amin’. Barangsiapa yang ucapan ‘amin’ nya sesuai dengan ucapan ‘amin’ Malaikat, ia akan diampuni dosa-dosanya yang telah lalu” If the imam says “Aamiin”, then you should say “Aamiin” too. Verily, a man whose saying of “Aamiin” is complied with “Aamiin” that is said by angels (Malaikat), all of his previous sins will be pardoned. –Narrated by Muslim and Bukhari

• Sebagian Maliky dan Hanafy : yang sunnah hanya ma’mum. Imam dan shalat munfarid tidak disunnahkan Some of Maliky and Hanafy scholars: recommended for ma’mum (folllower) only. Not recommended for imam and in munfarid prayer ﺍﻻ ﻝ ﺍ ، آﻳ : ﻭﻭﺍ ، ﺍﻳ ﺍﻟ ﻻ ﺍﻭ : ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﺍﻝ ﺍ “Jika imam mengucapkan ‘ghairil maghdhubi ‘alaihim waladhallin’ maka hendaknya ucapkanlah ‘amin’. Barangsiapa yang ucapan ‘amin’ nya sesuai dengan ucapan ‘amin’ Malaikat, ia akan diampuni dosa-dosanya yang telah lalu ” If the imam says “Ghairil maghdhubi ‘alaihim walaa dhaallliin”, then you should say “Aamiin”. Verily, a man whose saying of “Aamiin” is complied with “Aamiin” that is said by angels (Malaikat), all of his previous sins will be pardoned. –Narrated by Bukhari

• Hanafy : “Aamiin” diucapkan secara pelan, sirr Hanafy : “Aamin” should be said quietly. • Salah satu pendapat Hanbaly : wajib, baik imam, ma’mum ataupun shalat munfarid One of Hanbaly scholar’s opinion: obliged for imam, ma’mum and in munfarid prayer Apakah perempuan juga membaca “Aamiin” secara keras? Do women need to say “Aamiin” loudly?

ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺨﺸﻰ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﺄﻤﻮﺭﺓ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻫـ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺷﺄﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ “Wanita tidak diperkenankan mengucapkan ‘subhanallah’ ketika ingin mengingatkan imam, wanita diperintahkan untuk memelankan suaranya dalam shalat. Hal ini dikarenakan takut menimbulkan godaan. Sedangkan laki-laki dilarang menepuk punggung telapak tangan karena yang diperintahkan adalah perempuan Women are not allowed to say “Subhanallah” when they want to remind imam (who does mistake), but they should be quiet in prayer. It (saying loudly in prayer) might cause temptation. Men are not allowed to pat their back of hand since that (patting) is ordered for women. Ibn Hajar al Atsqalani in Fathul Baari

Untuk wanita –For women: • Jika shalat berjamaah dan tidak ada non-mahram keraskan “Aamiin” In congregational prayer in which there is no non-mahram people saying “Aamiin” loudly • Jika shalat sendiri atau berjamaah yang ada non-mahram pelankan “Aamiin” In munfarid prayer or congregational prayer in which there is non-mahram people saying “Aamiin” quietly.

• Membaca ayat Al Qur’an setelah Al Fatihah: sunnah Reading verse(s) of Al Qur’an after Al Fatihah: recommended ﺍ ، ﺍﻷﻭﻯ ﻱ ﺍ ، ﻭ ﺍﻟﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻱ ﺍ ، ﺍﺍ ﺍﻵ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻱ ، ﺍﻷﻭﻯ ﻱ ﻭ ، ﺍﻟﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻻ ﺍﻷﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻱ ﺍﻟﻠ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻱ ، ﺍﻟ ﻻ ﺍﻷﻭﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻱ “Nabi Saw membaca Al-Fatihah di dua rakaat pertama shalat zhuhur dan juga membaca dua surat yang panjang pada rakaat pertama dan pendek pada rakaat kedua dan terkadang hanya satu ayat. Beliau membaca Al-Fatihah di dua rakaat pertama shalat ashar dan juga membaca dua surat dengan surat yang panjang pada rakaat pertama. Beliau juga biasanya memperpanjang bacaan surat di rakaat pertama shalat subuh dan memperpendeknya di rakaat kedua” The Prophet Saw read Al Fatihah in the first two rakaat of Zuhr prayer, and two surahs: the long one in the first rakaat and the short one in the second –even only one verse. He read Al Fatihah and surah in the first two rakaat of Ashr prayer: the longer one in the first rakaat. – Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim

• Membaca Al Fatihah dan ayat Quran pada dua rakaat pertama Reading Al Fatihah and verse(s) of Qur’an in the first two rakaat • Ayat pada rakaat pertama lebih panjang dari ayat pada rakaat kedua Verse(s) read in the first rakaat is longer than verse(s) in the second rakaat • Boleh hanya membaca satu ayat saja It is allowed to read only one verse

• Takbiratul intiqaal : Takbir perpindahan dari satu posisi ke posisi lain Takbiratul intiqaal : Takbir during the movement between one to another position • Syafi’i, Hanbaly : diam sejenak (saktah) sebelum takbir menuju ruku Syafi’i, Hanbaly : pause (saktah) before takbir for ruku. • Maliky, Hanafy : tidak perlu Maliky, Hanafy : not needed ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﺗﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺳﻜﺘﺔ ﺃ “aku mengingat ada dua saktah (berhenti sejenak) dalam shalat, pertama ketika imam bertakbir hingga ia membaca (Al Fatihah), dan ketika ia selesai membaca Al Fatihah serta surat, ketika hendak ruku” Two pauses in prayer: at the end of Al Fatihah and at the end of surah before doing ruku. –Narrated by Abu Dawud

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 5. Ruku’ – Doing ruku’ • Yang mana yang benar? Which one is correct?

• Baca yang mudah bagimu. Ruku’ dan thuma’ninah. Read what is easy for you. Do ruku’ and thuma’ninah. • Apa thuma’ninah? –What is thuma’ninah? Berhenti sejenak –Pause • Kedua tangan pada lutut tanpa menggam. Kecuali Hanafy condong saja cukup Put two hands on the knees without grasping. Except, Hanafy Inclining is enough

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 6. Bangkit dari ruku’ dan I’tidal, dengan thuma’ninah Raise from ruku’ and I’tidal (standing) with thuma’ninah

• Mengangkat tangan saat bangkit dari ruku: sunnah Lifting hands when raising from ruku: recommended • Dari Malik ibn al Huwairits – From Malik ibn al Huwairits ﻭ ﺍ ﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ، ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻭ Aku pernah melihat Nabi Saw mengangkat tangannya ketika takbir (ihram), ketika ruku, bangkit dari ruku, sampai sejajar kedua telinganya. I ever saw the Prophet Saw lifted his hands when he said takbir (al ihram), when (before) ruku’, and rose from ruku’, and his arms were equal to his ears. –Narrated by An Nasa’i dan Ahmad

ﺍ ﺍ ﻭﻭﺍ . ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ، ﺍﻭﺍ ﺍ “Jika imam bangkit dari ruku’, maka bangkitlah. Jika ia mengucapkan ‘sami’allahu liman hamidah (artinya: Allah mendengar pujian dari orang yang memuji-Nya) ‘, ucapkanlah ‘robbana wa lakal hamdu (artinya: Wahai Rabb kami, bagi-Mu segala puji)’. ” “If the imam raise from ruku’, then you raise form ruku. And if the imam says “Sami’allahu liman hamidah”, then you say, “Rabbanaa walakal hamdu” –Narrated by Bukhari

• Turun untuk sujud Going down for sujud Tangan dulu atau lutut dulu? Hands first, or knee first?

• Jumhur ulama : lutut dulu, baru tangan –Knee first, then hands Dari Wail ib Hujr, Aku melihat Nabi Saw ketika sujud, maka beliau meletakkan kedua lutut beliau terlebih dahulu, baru kedua tangan From Wail ibn Hujr: I saw The Prophet Saw did sujud. He put his knee first, then his hands. –Narrated by Ashabus Sunan • Maliky : tangan dulu, baru lutut –Hands first, then knee • Imam Ibn Taimiyah: Boleh yang mana saja –Any ways are allowed ﺛﻢ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺈﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻋﻮﺍ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺈﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 7. Sujud –Doing sujud (prostration) • Yang mana yang benar? Which one is correct?

Tujuh anggota badan yang menyentuh tempat sujud Seven parts of body that touch the place of sujud (prostration) • Kening – forehead • Dua tangan – two hands • Dua lutut – two knees • Dua ujung telapak kaki – two tips of feet • Hidung (nose) sunnah –recommended • Hanbaly : kening dan hidung sekaligus –both forehead and nose.

Aku diperintahkan untuk bersujud (dengan bertumpu) pada tujuh bagian tubuh dengan tidak terhalang rambut dan pakaian: kening dan hidung, dua tangan, dua lutut, dan dua ujung kaki I was ordered to do prostration (by resting) on seven parts of body without any blockings from hair and clothes: forehead and nose, two hands, two knees, and two tips of feet. –Narrated by Muslim and Nasa’i

Afdhal-nya sujud –Recommended in sujud: • Telapak tangan dibuka (tidak digenggam), jari-jari dirapatkan The palm of the hand is opened (not gripped), the fingers are closed • Ujung jemari menghadap kiblat Fingertip facing Qibla

Bacaan sujud –Text of sujud 1. « ﺍﻷﻯ ﺍ » ﻭ ﻯ . « ﺍﻳ ﺍ » ﻭ ﻯ ﻭ ﺍ - ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ - ﺍﻟ ﻯ - Narrated by Muslim and Abu Dawud 2. ﺍﻷﻯ – ﺍ Narrated by Abu Dawud 3. ﻯ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ، ﺍ ﺍﻟ – ﺍ Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim 4. ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻻ ﻭ ﻭ – Narrated by Muslim

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 8. Duduk antara dua sujud, dengan thuma’ninah (Iftirosy) Sitting between two sujud, with thuma’ninah (Iftirosy) Yang mana yang benar? Which one is correct?

ﺍﺍ ﻯ ﻻ ﻯ ﻯ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻯ ﻯ “Kemudian kaki kiri dibengkokkan diduduki. Kemudian kembali lurus hingga setiap anggota tubuh kembali pada tempatnya. Lalu turun sujud. "Then the left foot is bent and sat. Then back straight until each limb is back in place. Then down prostrate. –Narrated by Tirmidzi Iftirosy Iq’a

● Bacaan duduk antara dua sujud – Text of sitting between two sujud 1. . ﺍﻱ ، ﺍﻱ ، ﻱ ﺍ – Narrated by Ahmad 2. ﺍﻱ ( )ﺍﻱ ،( )ﺍﻱ ، ﻱ ﺍ ( : )ﻱ – ﺍﻟ Narrated by Abu Dawud 3. Imam Nawawi : menggabungkan semuanya –combine all ﻭﻋﺎﻓﻨﻲ ﺍﻱ ، ﺍﻱ ، ﻱ ﺍ Atau, or ﻋﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻋﻒ ﻭﻋﺎﻓﻨﻲ ﺍﻱ ، ﺍﻱ ، ﻱ ﺍ

• Bangkit dari sujud – Raise from sujud • Mengepalkan tangan atau membukanya Clenching hands or opening them

Duduk istirahat, menurut Syafi’i Resting sitting, according to Syafi’i Beliau takbir dan mengangkat kepalanya lalu membentangkan telapak kaki kirinya kemudian duduk di atasnya hingga seluruh ruas tulang belakang kembali mapan, lalu melakukan rakaat yang lain He (the Prophet Saw) said takbir and lifted his head, and spread his left foot then sat on it until all the vertebrae re-established, then did another rakaat. –Narrated by Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 9. Duduk terakhir seukuran tasyahud The last sitting as long as reading tasyahud Jika telah engkau angkat kepalamu dari sujud terakhir, dan telah duduk seukuran tasyahud, maka selesailah shalatmu. If you lifted your head after the final sujud, and you sat as long as you read tasyahud, then you finish your prayer

• Ketika beliau duduk pada dua rakaat (tasyahud awal), beliau duduk di atas kaki kirinya dan menegakkan telapak kaki kanannya. Bila duduk pada rakaat terakhir (tasyahud akhir), (telapak) kaki kirinya dimasukkan (ke bawah tulang kering kaki kanannya), dan beliau duduk dengan pantatnya. As he (The Prophet Saw) sat on two rakaats (first tasyahud), he sat on his left foot and straightens his right foot. When sitting on the final rakaat (final tasyahud), his left (palm) foot is inserted (down his right leg bone), and he sits down with his ass. –Narrated by Bukhari

• Bagaimana posisi tangan kanan, gerakan telunjuk, dan pandangan mata? How are the position of right hand, its forefinger movement, and eyes’ view?

Ikhtilaf ulama –Different opinions among scholars • Syafi’i : tangan kanan dikepalkan, telunjuk diangkat saat mengucapkan “illa llaah” dan tetap diangkat sampai berdiri (pada tasyahud awal) atau salam (pada tasyahud akhir) Syafi’i : the right hand is clenched, the forefinger is lifted when saying "illa llaah" and remains raised until he stand (on the beginning tasyahud) or greetings (on the final tashahud). Aku melihat Rasulullah Saw mengangkat jari telunjuknya dan membengkokkannya sedikit seraya berdoa. I saw Rasulullah Saw raised his forefinger and bent it a little while praying. – Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud

• Hanafy : tangan kanan tidak digenggam, telunjuk diangkat ketika mengucapkan “laa”, diturunkan lagi saat mengucapkan “illa llaah”. Hanafy: the right hand is not gripped, the forefinger is lifted when saying "laa", and lowered when saying "illa llaah". Apabila Rasulullah Saw duduk tasyahud, beliau meletakkan tangan kanannya di atas paha kanannya dan tangan kirinya di atas paha kirinya serta memberikan isyarat dengan telunjuknya, dan pandangan beliau tidak melampaui isyarat (telunjuk itu). When the Prophet Saw sat on a tashahud, he placed his right hand on his right thigh and his left hand on his left thigh and gave a gesture with his forefinger, and his view did not go beyond the cue (the forefinger). – Narrated by Ahmad, Muslim, and Nasa’i

• Maliky : tangan kanan dikepalkan, kecuali tulunjuk dan ibu jari. Telunjuk digerakkan terus menerus ke kanan dan kiri dengan gerakan sedang. Maliky: the right hand is clenched, except for the forefinger and the thumb. The forefinger is moved continuously to the right and left in moderate motion. Nabi mengepalkan jemarinya dan membentuk lingkaran (dengan jari tengah dan ibu jari) serta memberi isyarat dengan telunjuknya kemudian mengangkat telunjuknya seraya berdoa. The Prophet Saw clenched his fingers and formed a circle (with the middle finger and thumb) and gestured with his index finger and raised his forefinger while praying.

• Hanbaly : Menekuk jari kelingking dan jari manis, melingkarkan jempol dan jari tengah, mengangkat telunjuk setiap kali menyebut lafaz Allah tanpa menggerak-gerakkannya. Hanbaly: Curling the little finger and ring finger, forming a circle by the thumb and middle finger, raising the forefinger every time saying “Allah” without making any movements. Nabi Saw berisyarat dengan telunjuknya apabila berdoa tanpa menggerakkannya. The Prophet Saw gestured with his forefinger when praying without moving it. –Narrated by Abu Dawud

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 10. Tasyahud akhir –The final tasyahud 11. Bershalawat kepada nabi pada tasyahud akhir Read shalawat for the Prophet at the final tasyahud Ikhtilaf ulama –Different opinions among scholars • Syafi’I, Hanbaly : fardhu –obliged to do it • Maliky : sunnah –recommended • Hanafy : wajib, bukan fardhu –obliged, but still valid if not be done • Apa bacaannya? What is the text?

• Doa lainnya –Other prays 1. 2. 3.

Rukun Shalat That are obliged in prayer 12. Salam –Doing salam • • Majority : wajib satu salam, salam kedua: sunnah. Majority : Obliged to do the first salam, while the second one is recommended. Hanbaly : wajib melakukan dua salam –Obliged to do two salam Bagaimana caranya? How to do salam?

• Pertama –First : ﺍ ، ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻳ ﺍ ﻭ ﺍ Bahwa Ibnu Mas’ud radhiyallahu ‘anhu salam ke kanan dengan mengucapkan, “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah wa barakatuh” dan menoleh ke kiri dengan membaca, “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah wa barakatuh” beliau mengeraskan keduanya That Ibn Mas’ud did salam (by looking) to his right side and said, “Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh”, and (by looking) to his left side and said, “Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh”. He said it loudly. –Narrated by Abdur Razaq

• Kedua –Second : « ﺍﻟ ﺍ » ﺍﻟ : ﺍ ، « ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ » ﺍﻟ : ﻳ ﺍ ، ﺍﻟﻠ ﻯ ﺍﻟ “Saya shalat bersama Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam. Beliau mengucapkan salam ketika menoleh ke kanan, ”Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah wa barakatuh” dan ketika menoleh ke kiri beliau mengucapkan, ”Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah. ” I did a prayer with the prophet Saw. He did salam by looking to his right side: Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh. And by looking to his left side: Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah. –Narrated by Abu Dawud

• Ketiga –Third : ﺍ ﻯ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍﻟ : ﺍ ﻳ ﺍﻟﻠ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻭ “Saya melihat Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam melakukan salam ke kanan dan ke kiri, mengucapkan ”Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah”, hingga terlihat putihnya pipi beliau. ” I saw the Prophet Saw did salam by looking to his right and left side and said, “Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah, until his white cheeks was visible. – Narrated by Nasa’I and Abu Dawud

• Keempat –Fourth : ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ، ﻳ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍﻟ Wasi’ menyebutkan bahwa Ibnu Umar mengucapkan ”Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah. ” ketika menoleh ke kanan dan mengucapkan ”Assalamu alaikum. ” ketika menoleh ke kiri Wasi’ told that Ibnu Umar said “Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah” when he looked to his right side, and said “Assalamu’alaikum” when looking to his left side. –Narrated by Nasai.

• Kelima –Fifth : Dari Aisyah ra – From Aisyah ra, ﻳﻮﻗﻈﻨﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ، ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ، ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ، ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺛﻢ Kemudian beliau salam sekali, mengucapkan ’Assalamu alaikum’ dengan mengangkat suaranya, sehingga membangunkan kami. Then he (the Prophet) did salam once, and said “Assalamu’alaikum” loudly, and that made us woke up. –Narrated by Ahmad

13. Mengerjakan rukunnya secara tertib • Doing that are obliged in orderly manners.