Sexually Transmitted Infections Fluid Exchange Game 1 large

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Fluid Exchange Game 1 large container full of water 1 small container with 1 teaspoon of Sodium Hydroxide (Na. OH) Phenol Red Indicator solution or phenolphthalein Small plastic cups (3 oz or less) or test tubes- one for each participant 1 eye dropper Straws (cut in half) – one for each participant

Groupings of STI’s Bacterial Viral Parasitic/Fungal Chlamydia Genital Herpes Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) Gonorrhea Hepatitis B Pubic Lice/Scabies Syphilis HIV (Human Trichomoniasis Immunodeficiency Virus) HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

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Chlamydia

Chlamydia Transmission Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection. It is among the most common STIs in the world. Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with a person who has Chlamydia. It can also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth

Chlamydia Symptoms Men (Symptoms) Women (Symptoms) • Watery or milky discharge from • penis • • Burning when urinating • • Pain or swelling of the testicles • • Itchy urethra • Unusual discharge from the vagina Bleeding/spotting between periods Bleeding or pain during or after sex Lower abdominal pain Burning when urinating

Chlamydia Testing for chlamydia can be performed with a swabbing of the infected area. Treatment Chlamydia infection can be cured with antibiotics, usually with a single dose.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea Transmission Gonorrhea is a bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection. Gonorrhea is spread through unprotected oral, anal and vaginal sex with an infected person. It can also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth.

Gonorrhea Symptoms Men (Symptoms) Women (Symptoms) • Yellow/green pus from the penis; discharge • Burning/pain when urinating • Rectal discharge from anal sex • Blood in the stool • Sore throat from oral sex • Testicular pain or swelling • Itchy • Burning during urination • Abnormal vaginal bleeding or pain • Thick yellowish-white vaginal discharge • Pain during intercourse

Gonorrhea Testing For men and women, testing for gonorrhea requires a swabbing of the infected area or a urine sample. Treatment Oral antibiotics can usually cure a gonorrhea infection in just one dose.

Syphilis

Syphilis Transmission Syphilis is a bacterial STI. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is passed along through anal, vaginal or oral sex. An infected pregnant woman can also pass along the infection to her unborn child.

Syphilis Symptoms are the same for both males and females. However many people have no symptoms Painless sores from pinpoint size to as large as a quarter Flu-like symptoms, fever, fatigue, pain in the joints and muscles Painless rash on hands, feet or whole body Swollen lymph nodes Hair loss Untreated may result in headache, dizziness, changes in personality, dementia

Syphilis Testing To test for syphilis a doctor requires blood tests to be done. Treatment Doctors will prescribe antibiotics to contain and kill the bacteria.

Genital Herpes

Genital Herpes Transmission Genital Herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) which is from the same family of viruses that cause cold sores. Cold sores are HSV-1, Genital Herpes is called HSV-2. However, both types can infect the genital areas, causing painful sores. Genital Herpes is spread through skin-to-skin contact with an infected area, typically during oral, anal or vaginal sex. Can be spread from mother to child during birth. HSV-1 can also be transmitted through kissing.

Genital Herpes Symptoms for both men and women include: • Tingling or itching of the skin around the genitals • One or a group of painful, watery blisters in or around the genitals, or wherever there is skin to skin contact (hips, nipples, anus) • These blisters break and form open sores that crust or scab lasting 7 -21 days • Flu-like symptoms (usually during the outbreak) • Tender, swollen glands in the groin • Outbreaks of herpes that vary and can return as often as every month or as rarely as once a year or longer • Burning when you urinate (pee)

Genital Herpes Testing A swab of the sores and affected area. For women a pelvic exam may reveal Herpes. Treatment There is no cure for Herpes, but effective treatments for outbreaks do exist to keep the virus at bay when it starts to reappear. Infected pregnant women can pass the virus to infants during birth.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

HIV Transmission HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is an incurable sexually transmitted virus that attacks and weakens a person’s immune system. Contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions or breast milk. Unprotected sex including vaginal, anal, oral sex and sharing of sex toys. Sharing of needles, syringes and other drug supplies.

HIV Symptoms Male Female • No known symptoms • Pain in the pelvic area (lower stomach) • NOTE: For both sexes it often • May feel like a bladder infection, takes many years before a person appendicitis or cramps infected with HIV displays any symptoms of infection. During this • Unusual pain during intercourse or during menstrual period time a person may spread the virus to many people. • Abdominal vaginal discharge • Fever or chills • Some women do not have any symptoms

HIV Testing A doctor will require blood work. There could be a 3 -6 month window period between being exposed and a virus testing positive. Treatment Though there is no cure for HIV, treatment has progressed dramatically. People who are infected with HIV are living longer without opportunistic infection or other serious diseases.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B Transmission Contact with blood, semen or vaginal secretions Unprotected sex through anal, vaginal or oral sex Pregnancy – from an infected mother to an unborn baby during childbirth Use or re-use of needles or syringes with traces of the blood of an infected person (eg: tattooing, sharing needles, piercing) Exposure to infected blood or blood products

Hepatitis B Symptoms - Same for males and females • 45 -60 days after exposure, may develop • Fever • Nausea • Weight loss/ loss of appetite • Yellow tinge to skin or whites of the eyes • Dark coloured urine, pale stool • Skin rash • Swollen, painful joints • Fatigue • Pain over liver (right side of abdomen under ribcage) • 50% show no signs of infection

Hepatitis B Testing Blood tests can be ordered by your doctor. Treatment There are some treatments available for chronic hepatitis B infections that help control the virus from spreading. However, these medications are not recommended for everyone. Immunization vaccine is available for males and females.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

HPV Transmission Through direct skin to skin contact or unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex HPV infects cells inside and outside of the body. Most people who get HPV don’t have any signs or symptoms and may unknowingly spread the disease.

HPV Symptoms Males Females • Warts may be round, flat or raised small cauliflower-like bumps that are flesh/grey coloured · Symptoms similar to male symptoms along with; • Warts can be found in and around the genital area. · Itchy or irritated; bleeding · They can also appear on the vaginal walls and cervix • Warts can be single or in clusters (opening of the uterus)

HPV Testing For males a physical exam is required Females will need a pap test that will show cell changes caused by HPV Treatment Medication can be applied to the wart Warts may be removed by surgery or laser Immunization Vaccine is available for male and females

Pubic Lice/Scabies

Pubic Lice Transmission Measuring in at about a millimeter tall, pubic lice are tiny crab-like insects that nest in pubic hair. They bury their heads into the skin and live off human blood, laying their egg sacks near the base of the pubic hairs. It can be transmitted from sexual and non-sexual skin to skin contact By sharing clothes, towels, soap, bedding or sleeping bags Note: Pubic lice can live off the body 24 -48 hours

Pubic Lice Symptoms Pubic lice and nits are small and can be difficult to spot. Infected individuals may experience: Skin irritation and inflammation accompanied by itchiness and redness. Small blue spots on the skin where lice have bitten. Louse feces - fine black particles - in the infected person’s undergarments.

Pubic Lice Testing Healthcare professionals inspect the area for the crabs and the small greyish-white eggs they lay with a microscope or magnifying glass. Treatment Specialized medicated shampoos and lotions that can be purchased at a pharmacy, clinic or doctor’s office. Usually one wash is all it takes.

Scabies What are scabies? Scabies are parasitic mites that dig holes (burrow) under the surface of the skin and lay eggs. The larvae that hatch move to new areas of the body and spread the infection. Mites prefer warm areas such as the folds of skin on the elbows, wrists, buttocks, knees, shoulder blades, waist, breasts, and penis, between the fingers, and under the nails. Transmission Same as pubic lice

Scabies Symptoms, Testing and Treatment Same as pubic lice