Sexually Transimitted Diseases Gonorrhea Cause bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Sexually Transimitted Diseases

Gonorrhea • • • Cause – bacteria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Mode of transfer – Primary infection site is in cervix from intercourse – Can travel to blood stream to infect major organs (eyes, mouth, heart, liver, reproductive organs) Incidence – see next slide Symptoms – Male – asymptomatic, painful urination, discharge – Female – asymptomatic, painful urination, discharge, fever, pelvic pain Complications – sterility, ectopic pregnancy, predisposed to UTIs, major organs affected, vision loss in newborn, PID in women, facilitates transmission of HIV Treatment – cured with antibiotics (high antibiotic resistance)

Gonorrhea

Chlamydia • • • Cause – bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis) Mode of transfer – contracted through intimate touching, genital-to-genital contact, vaginal sex, anal sex, child birth – can be spread to different parts of one’s own body with contaminated fingers. – Non-treated swimming pools Incidence – Leading reportable bacterial infection in US – See next slide Symptoms – Male – thin, gray-white penile discharge; painful testes – Female – vaginal discharge and bleeding; abdominal pain Complications – Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, PID, facilitates transmission of HIV, pregnant women infected with chlamydia can pass the infection to their infants during delivery, potentially resulting in neonatal ophthalmia and pneumonia Treatment – antibiotic

Chlamydia

Syphillis • • • Cause – bacteria Treponema pallidum Mode of transfer – Sexual intercourse, kissing – Enter body via microscopic abrasions or mucous membranes (genitalia, rectum, mouth) – Spreads through bloodstream Incidence – see next slide Symptoms – Primary infection – chancre appears (lasts 2 -6 weeks) – Secondary – rash develops; fetus infected (miscarriage or congenital syphillis) – Tertiary – large vessels damaged, neuronal damage leading to insanity Complications – Miscarriage, insanity, , facilitates transmission of HIV Treatment – antibiotic (Penicillan)

Effects of Syphilis

Genital Herpes • • • Cause – HSV 1 (Herpes Simplex Virus 1): cold sore – HSV 2 (Herpes Simplex Virus 2): STD Mode of transfer – Sexual transmission, oral-genital contact – Transmission greatest at beginning of active stage – Can transmit when inactive Symptoms – itching, burning pain at infection site; tiny red blisters that rupture causing ulcer Complications – Increases risks of contracting HIV; If mother has primary infection during birth, can cause fetal death Treatment – No cure, but medication to treat symptoms and decrease transmission risk

Herpes

HPV • • • Cause • Human Papilloma Virus • 40 different strains Mode of transfer • Sexual intercourse, oral-genital and genital-genital Symptoms • Asymptomatic • Immune system can get rid of HPV within 2 years, but not a definite • Some strains cause genital warts Complications • Some strains can develop into cervical cancer after 10 -15 years Incidence • Most common STD • Occurs in 50% of sexually active individuals Treatment • Detected with annual papsmear • No test for males • Vaccine – only against strains that cause cancer

Genital Warts

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • • • Cause • virus Mode of transfer • sexual contact -- including oral, vaginal, and anal sex • blood -- through blood transfusions, accidental needlesticks, or needle sharing • mother to child -- a pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her fetus through their shared blood circulation, or a nursing mother can pass it to her baby in her breast milk Symptoms • may not have any symptoms for up to 10 years, but they can still pass the infection to others. After you come in contact with the virus, it can take up to 3 months for a blood test to show that you have HIV. Complications • Cancers, weight loss, dementia, Opportunistic infections Treatment • Drug cocktail

Trichomoniasis • Caused by parasite • Genital area only • Female: itching, odor, burning, swelling, discharge • Male: itching, burning, discharge • Treat with antibiotic

Bacterial Vaginosis • overgrowth of harmful bacteria in vagina • sometimes accompanied by discharge, odor, pain, itching, or burning • Treat with antibiotics • most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age • BV can increase a woman's susceptibility to other STDs • increased risk – Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners – Douching • not clear what role sexual activity plays – Women do not get BV from toilet seats, bedding, swimming pools, or from touching objects around them. – Women who have never had sexual intercourse may also be affected.