Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction Type of Reproduction Sexual
- Slides: 58
Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction Type of Reproduction Sexual (Sperm meet Egg) 2 parents Methods Internal fertilization Diversity in offspring External fertilization Offspring less likely to have mutations show up Conjugation Budding Asexual 1 parent Advantages Disadvantages Requires a mate to reproduce Population increases are limited Can increase populations rapidly Lack of diversity in offspring Does not require a mate for reproduction to take place Because they reproduce offspring genetically identical to parents, the offspring inherit any mutations of the parent. Spores Fission
• Definitions: - Diversity in offspring > def. – Diversity - the relative uniqueness of each individual in the population - offspring less likely to have mutations show up > def. – Mutation – changes in DNA
~ Body Plans ~ • Animals that are irregular in shape or have no shape are asymmetrical. • Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.
~ Body Plans ~ • An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves. (like a pizza) • An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other. (like humans)
Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?
~Invertebrates~ • 8 main phyla • No backbones • 95% of all animals are in this group
Invertebrates Type of Invertebrate Porifera Major Characteristics Platyhelminthes Type of Reproduction -Simplest animals -can regenerate body parts -has no symmetry Cnidaria Examples -2 basic body shapes; medusa (Ex. Jellyfish) & polyp (ex: Hydra) -Have tentacles -have stinging cells called nematocyst -Can regenerate -most are parasites -have flat ribbon like bodies -Bilateral symmetry Sponges Asexual Jellyfish Asexual Hydra Planaria ** Flukes Flatworms Sexual or Asexual
Major Characteristics Examples Type of Invertebrate Nematoda Mollusca Annelida -round, tubular bodies Roundworms -Most are parasites Pinworms -have both a mouth and Hook anus -Bilateral symmetry Worms -Broad Muscular foot -Layer of tissue called mantle -Have hard shells and soft bodies -Live on land in the water Group includes: gastropods bivalves & cephalopods Snails Slugs Clams Oysters Squids Octopuses -Segmented worms -Body divided into segments(sections) -Live in water or underground Segmented worms Earthworm Bristle Worms Leeches Type of Reproduction Sexual(majority) Asexual
Invertebrates (cont’d) Type of Invertebrate Echinodermata Major Characteristics Endoskeleton covered with spines Examples Starfish Sea Urchins Sand Dollar Type of Reproduction Asexual
Invertebrates (cont’d) Type of Invertebrate Major Characteristics -Jointed Legs -Segmented Anthropods body parts -Exoskeleton -Head and welldeveloped brain Examples Centipedes Millipedes Type of Reproduction Sexual Crustaceans Sexual Arachnids Sexual Insects Sexual
Porifera - Simplest animals - can regenerate body parts Reproduction: ASEXUAL (Video)
~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ • Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge
Cnidarians – 2 basic body shapes – Examples: Jellyfish/Hydra medusa (Ex. Jellyfish) & polyp (ex: Hydra) - Reproduction: Asexual
Platyhelminthes • Can regenerate • some are parasites Examples: Planaria*, Flukes, Flatworms Reproduction: Sexual or Asexual
~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ § Examples: Planaria § eyespots detect light § food and waste go in and out the same opening
~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ § Examples: Tapeworm § Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food
~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ § Examples: Fluke § parasite § lives inside of host
~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ § 2 different shapes § Medusa - like a jellyfish § Polyp - like a hydra
~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals
Nematodes • Most are parasites • Examples: Pinworms, Hookworms • Reproduction: Sexual
Mollusks Broad Muscular foot - Layer of tissue called mantle - Have shells - Group includes: gastropods bivalves & cephalopods - Gills - Examples: Complex ganglia, Snails, Slugs, Clams, Oysters, Squids, Octopuses - Reproduction: SEXUAL -
~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropoda – snails and slugs – may have 1 shell – stomach-footed move on stomach
~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ • Examples: – Hookworm – Trichinella
Annelids • Closed Circulatory System • Skin • Examples: Earthworm, Bristle Worm, Leeches • Reproduction: SEXUAL or ASEXUAL
~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class Earthworms • eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil
~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ » Class bristleworms
~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class leeches • parasites that feed on blood of other animals
~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves – 2 shells hinged together – clams, oysters, scallops and mussels
Echinoderms • Endoskeleton • covered with spines • use Tube Feet to obtain oxygen • Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sand dollar • Reproduction: Asexual
~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ • Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber
Arthropods -- Jointed Legs -- Segmented Body parts -- Exoskeleton -- Head and well-developed brain - Reproduction: SEXUAL
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda • Class Pycnogonida – Sea spider
~Chordata (Vertebrates)~ • 1 main phylum • Have backbones, and once had a notochord • 5% of all animals are in this phylum 5 classes • Fish • Mammals • Reptiles • Amphibians • Birds
Levels of Organization
ATOMS • Smallest part of matter • NON-living
Molecules • 2 or more bonded atoms • Form compounds • NON-living
Macromolecule • Very large molecules • Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids • NON-living
Organelles • “Tiny organs” • Made of macromolecules
Cell • Made of organelles • Basic unit of structure & function • LIVING
Tissue • The same kind cell working together • Living
Organs • Tissues that work together • Living
Systems • Organs that work together • Living
Organism • Entire living things (organisms) • Usually made of systems • May be a single cell • Living
Population • Same type of organism living together
Community • Several populations living together • Population interact
Ecosystem • A biotic (living) community plus the abiotic (nonliving) features
Biome • Similar ecosystems on earth together
Biosphere • Whole living layer around the globe • Includes abiotic features http: //people. hofstra. edu/geotrans/eng/ch 8 en/conc 8 en/envisys. html
Atom Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ System Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere
Review • What are Invertebrates? • Animals without a backbone • What is difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? • Sexual reproduction requires a mate, Asexual reproduction doesn’t • What is an advantage of sexual reproduction? • Diversity/Offspring less likely to have mutations • What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction? • Population increases are limited/requires mate
Review Cont’d • What is an advantage of asexual reproduction? • Increases population rapidly/no mate needed • What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction? • Reproduce offspring identical to parents • No diversity • Which category does a flat worm belong in (Asexual or Sexual)? • both
The End.
- The disadvantages of sexual reproduction
- Asexualk
- Sexual vs asexual reproduction venn diagram
- Synapsis and crossing over
- Advantages of genetic diversity
- Chromosome number of animals
- Sexual and asexual reproduction in animals venn diagram
- Sexual or asexual reproduction
- Fungi or fungus plural
- Parthenogenesis asexual reproduction
- Sexual or asexual reproduction
- Asexual or sexual reproduction
- Asexual or sexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction cell division
- Example of budding asexual reproduction
- Where does cactus store water
- Budding asexual reproduction
- Site:slidetodoc.com
- Type of asexual reproduction
- Benefits of sexual propagation
- Spores sexual or asexual
- Etapas de la reproducción humana
- What is meiosis
- Do protists reproduce sexually
- Dahlia asexual reproduction
- Types of asexual reproduction
- Flatworm asexual reproduction
- Asexual propagation layering
- Asexual reproduction
- Gastrula
- Whats asexual reproduction
- Chapter 19 asexual reproduction
- Whats reproduction
- Whats asexual reproduction
- Ascomycetes habitat
- Chytridiomycota
- Multicellular fungi are composed of thin filaments called
- Budding asexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction definition biology
- Conidida
- Tomato asexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction of budding
- Phylum echinodermata
- Chlorella diagram
- Asexual reproduction of budding
- Asexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction involves *
- Parthenogenesis asexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction
- Examples of asexual reproduction
- Type of phylum
- Types of asexual reproduction
- Involves only one parent
- Protists and fungi differences
- Male reproductive system plants
- Asexual reproduction lab
- Why is asexual reproduction beneficial
- Reproduction in humans
- Chapter 20 sexual reproduction in animals packet answers