Sex versus Gender Sex refers to the biological

Sex versus Gender "Sex" refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women. "Gender" refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes of men, women, boys and girls.

Activity Women give birth to babies, men don’t. Little girls are gentle, boys are tougher. Women make up 70% of administrative and customer service occupations. Most construction workers are men. Men are more likely than women to use violence against their partner.

Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s do not. Good, affordable childcare helps women to balance work and family commitments. Women can breastfeed babies, men can bottlefeed babies. According to UN statistics, women do 67% of the world’s work, yet their earnings for it amount to only 10% of the world’s income.

Gender Analysis: The Six Domains Framework

Learning Objective Understand how to apply the Six Domains Gender Analysis Framework in programs.

What is gender integration? A strategy for incorporating women’s and men’s concerns and needs in programming to ensure that both women and men can inform, participate in, and benefit from the program.

Gender Analysis - Gender analysis is the first step in the gender integration process. - It involves systematically gathering and analyzing information on gender.

Why do gender analysis? Gender analysis helps us understand the different experiences, knowledge, and needs of men and women. This allows programs and policies to address these factors.

Gender Analysis Frameworks offer a tool to conduct gender analysis.

The Six Domains Framework 1. Access to/control of resources 2. Knowledge, belief, perceptions 3. Practices and participation 4. Space and time 5. Legal rights, status 6. Leadership and decision-making

The Six Domains Framework Domain One: Access to and control over resources • What resources are relevant to the project? • Who has access to the resources? • Who has control over those resources? • What gender constraints do the project beneficiaries face related to access and control of resources?

The Six Domains Framework Domain Two: Knowledge, beliefs, perceptions • What knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions are central to the project’s success, and how do gender identities influence them? • Who knows what? Who lacks relevant information?

The Six Domains Framework Domain Three: Practices and participation • What are the gender roles and responsibilities that influence men and women’s participation in different activities? • How might unequal participation (quality and quantity) influence outcomes?

The Six Domains Framework Domain Four: Time and space • How do men and women structure their days? Where are they during this time? • When are they available to participate in potential activities? • Are there gender-specific time or space restrictions that will affect the project? (for example, seasonal differences)

The Six Domains Framework Domain Five: Legal rights and status • What key legal issues are relevant to the project? • How are men and women treated by the law on these issues? In practice?

The Six Domains Framework Domain Six: Leadership and decision-making • Who has the power to make decisions (about household, community, state)? • Do men and women participate equally on decision-making bodies? If not, how is that participation different?

The Six Domains Framework Review of case study #1

The Six Domains Framework Results of Case Study Project Activities: - Male master trainers were able to share their learning on voter processes, voter rights, and candidates information with a group of other men in each community. - Women master trainers were not able to effectively share information learned. - Portions of all communities did not have access to trainings provided by master trainers.

The Six Domains Framework Domain One: Access to and control over resources • What resources are relevant to the project? – literacy, education, knowledge of local politics, information, the skill of public speaking • Who has access to the resources? - men • Who has control over those resources? - men and older women more than younger • What gender constraints do the project beneficiaries face related to access and control of resources? – women have limited access

The Six Domains Framework Domain Two: Knowledge, beliefs, perceptions - Women and girls have much lower educational levels overall. It may be difficult for them to participate in a short master training program that provides a lot of complex information. - There is a literacy gap between men and women. - Women are not perceived as “knowing” critical information, and are not expected to play a leadership role in the community in terms of sharing critical information. - Older males are seen as the authority figures.

The Six Domains Framework Domain Three: Practices and participation - Women voters may not be perceived as having an equally legitimate right to cast a vote. - Women don’t traditionally spend a lot of time outside the home. They are not traditionally seen as having a political role to play. Women have very little experience with public speaking.

The Six Domains Framework Domain Four: Time and space - Women have many family duties that occupy their time during the day. This may limit their ability to travel for a three-day training program. - Men are experiencing a lot of pressure to earn income. Therefore, it may be hard for poor men to participate in a three-day volunteer program.

The Six Domains Framework Domain Five: Legal rights and status • In theory, the law allows both men and women equal rights to vote. • However, there is concern about whether women’s right to vote will be compromised by local practices, like allowing her husband or father to accompany her into the voting booth, etc

The Six Domains Framework Domain Six: Leadership and decision-making • Very male dominated political system.

The Six Domains Framework Based on this gender analysis, how might project activities be designed in order to be more gender-responsive?

Break!

Gender Analysis Case Study: Small Groups Make 3 small groups; Read the case study #2 Use the Six Domains framework to discuss key issues Identify interventions that address gender dynamics in the project.

Group Presentations

Thank you!