SEX in THE GREENHOUSE R 21 SNV Paddy
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-1.jpg)
![“SEX in THE GREENHOUSE” R 21 SNV Paddy de Vries Intens Agri Hydro (Pty) “SEX in THE GREENHOUSE” R 21 SNV Paddy de Vries Intens Agri Hydro (Pty)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-2.jpg)
![Nurserymen women ……do it Under Cover …as do the goggos & nunnus Nurserymen women ……do it Under Cover …as do the goggos & nunnus](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-3.jpg)
![D E R O C S N E D E R O C S N E](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-4.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-5.jpg)
![Why is there a problem? Ø With “Modern” farming techniques we attempt to produce Why is there a problem? Ø With “Modern” farming techniques we attempt to produce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-6.jpg)
![INSECTS & PATHOGENS: Multiplying/breeding in my greenhouses? WHY? • Unless “virgin” structure: Diseases & INSECTS & PATHOGENS: Multiplying/breeding in my greenhouses? WHY? • Unless “virgin” structure: Diseases &](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-7.jpg)
![Conditions conducive to Insect “breeding”? • Environment – Basic greenhouse conditions • “Host” – Conditions conducive to Insect “breeding”? • Environment – Basic greenhouse conditions • “Host” –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-8.jpg)
![Insects (some) Aphids Whitefly Broadmite TSWV PVY TSWV To. CSV/ TYLCV/ TICV Virus-like symptoms Insects (some) Aphids Whitefly Broadmite TSWV PVY TSWV To. CSV/ TYLCV/ TICV Virus-like symptoms](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-9.jpg)
![Understanding the Enemy: Fungus Gnat Understanding the Enemy: Fungus Gnat](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-10.jpg)
![Fungus Gnat Larvae spread diseases Fungus Gnat Larvae spread diseases](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-11.jpg)
![Understanding the Enemy: Leaf miner Loss of chlorophyll, lesions, dead tissue: entry point for Understanding the Enemy: Leaf miner Loss of chlorophyll, lesions, dead tissue: entry point for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-12.jpg)
![Understanding the Enemy: WFT TSWV Understanding the Enemy: WFT TSWV](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-13.jpg)
![Understand the enemy: Whitefly Bemesia tabaci BPYV CYSDV CVYV TYLCV To. CSV TICV Understand the enemy: Whitefly Bemesia tabaci BPYV CYSDV CVYV TYLCV To. CSV TICV](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-14.jpg)
![Conditions conducive to pathogen “breeding”? • Plant damage = infection • Light – Low Conditions conducive to pathogen “breeding”? • Plant damage = infection • Light – Low](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-15.jpg)
![Understanding the enemy: Pathogens • Too many case studies: • Sexual & asexual stages Understanding the enemy: Pathogens • Too many case studies: • Sexual & asexual stages](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-16.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-17.jpg)
![QUO VADIS: Prophylaxis Know & understand the source, life cycle and importance / ramifications QUO VADIS: Prophylaxis Know & understand the source, life cycle and importance / ramifications](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-18.jpg)
![Prophylaxis? HYGIENE – – – Personnel / Visitors Structure, Tables, floors Trays, Lugs etc. Prophylaxis? HYGIENE – – – Personnel / Visitors Structure, Tables, floors Trays, Lugs etc.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-19.jpg)
![Prophylaxis? MEDIUM • Medium – Hygiene: Pathogens, Insects, weeds – Composted – Mineral / Prophylaxis? MEDIUM • Medium – Hygiene: Pathogens, Insects, weeds – Composted – Mineral /](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-20.jpg)
![Prophylaxis? CLIMATE – Light: Polyethylene / Shade – Effect of climate control on: • Prophylaxis? CLIMATE – Light: Polyethylene / Shade – Effect of climate control on: •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-21.jpg)
![Prophylaxis? FERTIGATION – Water quality • Mineral content • Biotic content – Water treatment Prophylaxis? FERTIGATION – Water quality • Mineral content • Biotic content – Water treatment](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-22.jpg)
![Prophylaxis? GENERAL – Insect trapping / prevention – High quality plant material (phyto’ cert’) Prophylaxis? GENERAL – Insect trapping / prevention – High quality plant material (phyto’ cert’)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-23.jpg)
![Thank You Thank You](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-24.jpg)
- Slides: 24
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-1.jpg)
![SEX in THE GREENHOUSE R 21 SNV Paddy de Vries Intens Agri Hydro Pty “SEX in THE GREENHOUSE” R 21 SNV Paddy de Vries Intens Agri Hydro (Pty)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-2.jpg)
“SEX in THE GREENHOUSE” R 21 SNV Paddy de Vries Intens Agri Hydro (Pty) Ltd
![Nurserymen women do it Under Cover as do the goggos nunnus Nurserymen women ……do it Under Cover …as do the goggos & nunnus](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-3.jpg)
Nurserymen women ……do it Under Cover …as do the goggos & nunnus
![D E R O C S N E D E R O C S N E](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-4.jpg)
D E R O C S N E
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-5.jpg)
![Why is there a problem Ø With Modern farming techniques we attempt to produce Why is there a problem? Ø With “Modern” farming techniques we attempt to produce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-6.jpg)
Why is there a problem? Ø With “Modern” farming techniques we attempt to produce plants at their optimal conditions…… within structures that often cannot. Ø Market expects better, faster, stronger, more productive products (at a static price!) Ø Monoculture Ø Ø Less arable land: Urban creep Economic pressure Production “under cover”: Difficult / impossible crop rotation Attempt to create optimal conditions for… = PLANT PRODUCTION / GROWTH ? = STRONG SURVIVABLE PLANTS = PESTS & DISEASES ?
![INSECTS PATHOGENS Multiplyingbreeding in my greenhouses WHY Unless virgin structure Diseases INSECTS & PATHOGENS: Multiplying/breeding in my greenhouses? WHY? • Unless “virgin” structure: Diseases &](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-7.jpg)
INSECTS & PATHOGENS: Multiplying/breeding in my greenhouses? WHY? • Unless “virgin” structure: Diseases & Insects are endemic • Personnel / visitors are vectors • Other vectors & contaminants • Conditions created for plant production conducive to insect & disease “breeding” (Structure, climate often marginal) • … e. g. : Low light, wet plants, > RH, warm/cold plants • Discussion measurement? Environment? Plants?
![Conditions conducive to Insect breeding Environment Basic greenhouse conditions Host Conditions conducive to Insect “breeding”? • Environment – Basic greenhouse conditions • “Host” –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-8.jpg)
Conditions conducive to Insect “breeding”? • Environment – Basic greenhouse conditions • “Host” – Susceptible Plants – Leaf litter/ damp medium
![Insects some Aphids Whitefly Broadmite TSWV PVY TSWV To CSV TYLCV TICV Viruslike symptoms Insects (some) Aphids Whitefly Broadmite TSWV PVY TSWV To. CSV/ TYLCV/ TICV Virus-like symptoms](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-9.jpg)
Insects (some) Aphids Whitefly Broadmite TSWV PVY TSWV To. CSV/ TYLCV/ TICV Virus-like symptoms
![Understanding the Enemy Fungus Gnat Understanding the Enemy: Fungus Gnat](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-10.jpg)
Understanding the Enemy: Fungus Gnat
![Fungus Gnat Larvae spread diseases Fungus Gnat Larvae spread diseases](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-11.jpg)
Fungus Gnat Larvae spread diseases
![Understanding the Enemy Leaf miner Loss of chlorophyll lesions dead tissue entry point for Understanding the Enemy: Leaf miner Loss of chlorophyll, lesions, dead tissue: entry point for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-12.jpg)
Understanding the Enemy: Leaf miner Loss of chlorophyll, lesions, dead tissue: entry point for disease Damp soil / Medium / Leaf litter Re-infection
![Understanding the Enemy WFT TSWV Understanding the Enemy: WFT TSWV](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-13.jpg)
Understanding the Enemy: WFT TSWV
![Understand the enemy Whitefly Bemesia tabaci BPYV CYSDV CVYV TYLCV To CSV TICV Understand the enemy: Whitefly Bemesia tabaci BPYV CYSDV CVYV TYLCV To. CSV TICV](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-14.jpg)
Understand the enemy: Whitefly Bemesia tabaci BPYV CYSDV CVYV TYLCV To. CSV TICV
![Conditions conducive to pathogen breeding Plant damage infection Light Low Conditions conducive to pathogen “breeding”? • Plant damage = infection • Light – Low](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-15.jpg)
Conditions conducive to pathogen “breeding”? • Plant damage = infection • Light – Low light, thin cuticle, “stress”, • RH, Temp – Poor Air movement – Plant wetting period • Overwatering / “Dense” Medium …. . Low AFP • Nutrition e. g. : – Excessive N (& insufficient Ca): Thin cell walls, large soft cells – Excessive NH 4+ (e. g. predisposition to Fusarium) – Weak plants
![Understanding the enemy Pathogens Too many case studies Sexual asexual stages Understanding the enemy: Pathogens • Too many case studies: • Sexual & asexual stages](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-16.jpg)
Understanding the enemy: Pathogens • Too many case studies: • Sexual & asexual stages • Infection/dissemination favour many conditions – High or Low Humidity (dry or wet) – Root Zone: Temp, p. H, Salinity, Anaerobic conditions, Exudates – Low or high Temp (Mostly perfect greenhouse conditions) – Light
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-17.jpg)
![QUO VADIS Prophylaxis Know understand the source life cycle and importance ramifications QUO VADIS: Prophylaxis Know & understand the source, life cycle and importance / ramifications](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-18.jpg)
QUO VADIS: Prophylaxis Know & understand the source, life cycle and importance / ramifications of insects / diseases in your structure. Know & understand the environmental conditions conducive to infection & spread of insects / pathogens in the structures SWOT: Identify strengths / weak points of the structure, medium, irrigation system etc. Identify pests’ strengths & weak points What can be done, not done, preventative actions
![Prophylaxis HYGIENE Personnel Visitors Structure Tables floors Trays Lugs etc Prophylaxis? HYGIENE – – – Personnel / Visitors Structure, Tables, floors Trays, Lugs etc.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-19.jpg)
Prophylaxis? HYGIENE – – – Personnel / Visitors Structure, Tables, floors Trays, Lugs etc. Discarded plants, medium Dust control Environment around structure • Free standing water • Weeds • Roads
![Prophylaxis MEDIUM Medium Hygiene Pathogens Insects weeds Composted Mineral Prophylaxis? MEDIUM • Medium – Hygiene: Pathogens, Insects, weeds – Composted – Mineral /](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-20.jpg)
Prophylaxis? MEDIUM • Medium – Hygiene: Pathogens, Insects, weeds – Composted – Mineral / Toxin content? – AFP – Effect of time – Effect of fertigation on medium
![Prophylaxis CLIMATE Light Polyethylene Shade Effect of climate control on Prophylaxis? CLIMATE – Light: Polyethylene / Shade – Effect of climate control on: •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-21.jpg)
Prophylaxis? CLIMATE – Light: Polyethylene / Shade – Effect of climate control on: • • • Light RH Temp: Ambient, plant, roots Dew point T Leaf wetting Transpiration
![Prophylaxis FERTIGATION Water quality Mineral content Biotic content Water treatment Prophylaxis? FERTIGATION – Water quality • Mineral content • Biotic content – Water treatment](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-22.jpg)
Prophylaxis? FERTIGATION – Water quality • Mineral content • Biotic content – Water treatment • Flocculation, Filtration • Disinfection – Cl, H 2 O 2, O 3 – Nutrition – Frequency
![Prophylaxis GENERAL Insect trapping prevention High quality plant material phyto cert Prophylaxis? GENERAL – Insect trapping / prevention – High quality plant material (phyto’ cert’)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-23.jpg)
Prophylaxis? GENERAL – Insect trapping / prevention – High quality plant material (phyto’ cert’) – Program of disinfection • Tanks, Irrigation lines, filters • Plants, Clothing, hands, shoes, tools, floors, dust prevention … – Preventative spray program: Cocktails, additives Phyto’, Act 36/1947, Act 29/1947 – Regular water analysis: Biotic / Abiotic – Prevention is better than cure – ASK THE POPULATION REGISTER & DEPT HEALTH
![Thank You Thank You](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/647ec6a06dc135391b9bf64d00d9879e/image-24.jpg)
Thank You
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