Sex dependent risk factors of obesity in women

Sex dependent risk factors of obesity in women Candice Bolling, PA-S Advisor, Eileen Van. Dyke MPS, PA-C

Outline Introduction Menstrual cycle phenomenology Fat ingestion Post-partum weight retention Leptin Conclusion

http: //www. meps. ahrq. gov/papers/st 37/stat 37. pdf

http: //www. 4 woman. gov/pub/steps/Obesity. htm

Outline Introduction Menstrual cycle phenomenology Fat ingestion Post-partum weight retention Leptin Conclusion

www. wisc. edu/ansci_repro/lec/11/menstural. jpg

Outline Introduction Menstrual cycle phenomenology Fat ingestion Post-partum weight retention Leptin Conclusion

Fat Ingestion More pronounced in mice – Activational vs. organizational – Testosterone increases feeding • Frequency • Meal Size

Outline Introduction Menstrual cycle phenomenology Fat ingestion Post-partum weight retention Leptin Conclusion

Post Partum Weight Retention Average of. 5 -2. 4 kg retained Adolescents and African American women Weight gain – Snacking – Decreased exercise – Smoking – Weight prior Timing important http: //www. womenatthesummit. com/1039 amazing. jpg

Weight-for-height category Recommended total weight gain kg lb Low (BMI 19. 8) 12. 5– 18 28– 40 Normal (BMI of 19. 8 to 26. 0) 11. 5– 16 25– 35 High (BMI 26. 0 to 29. 0) 7– 11. 5 15– 25 SOURCE: Institute of Medicine.

Outline Introduction Menstrual cycle phenomenology Fat ingestion Post-partum weight retention Leptin Conclusion

Leptin Hormone excreted by white adipose cells Females proportionately higher Feedback to hypothalamus Many other effects http: //www-graphics. stanford. edu/~liyiwei/project/fun/mouse_fat. html

Leptin Female vs. Male – Connected to HPG axis – Feedback system relating energy stores – Estrogen stimulates leptin secretion – Proves adipose tissue is not inert

Leptin Evolutionary pressures – Female fat storage • Energy hoarding – Males increase fitness by: strength, agility, and aggression http: //www. 3 dchem. com/molecules. asp? ID=154#

Outline Introduction Menstrual cycle phenomenology Fat ingestion Post-partum weight retention Leptin Conclusion

Conclusion Female specific risk factors More work in areas of: – Eating patterns • Ovulatory patterns • Leptin Resist extrapolation http: //www. saludparalagente. org/graphics/female_symbol. jpg

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