SEX AND GENDER ELIZABETH TICH GENDER DEFINITIONS GENDER

SEX AND GENDER ELIZABETH TICHÁ

GENDER DEFINITIONS

SEX DEFINITONS - the state of being either male or female - The group of features or qualities that make a person, animal, or plant either male or female

Traditionally Gender was used in grammar and linguistics contexts to refer to the sex assigned to nouns. Sex was the term for males or females viewed as a group. Nowadays Sex has been narrowed to sexual intercourse and sexual organs. Gender, meanwhile, is used to refer to a person’s maleness and femaleness. It’s more complicated – denotes identity, which can be fluid. https: //grammarist. com/usage/gender-sex/

“Sex is biological, gender is socially constructed. ” John William Money 1921 -2006 Psychologist at Johns Hopkins University “He was the first scientist to provide a language to describe the psychological dimensions of human sexual identity; no such language had existed before. ” - Dr Kenneth J. Zucker, psychologist in chief at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto.

1964 -1967 part of Harry Benjamin’s research team on transsexualism funded by Erickson Educational Foundation Money argued that there should be a clinical distinction drawn between “affectional pedophilia” and “sadistic pedophilia” Gender reassignment of David Reimer in the mid-1960 s

David Reimer’s Reassignment Born in 1965, his penis was irreparably damaged due to a botched circumcision. Money encouraged the parents to raise him as a girl, Brenda. Money favored the idea that gender was a societal construct, malleable from an early age. Reimer underwent sexual reassignment surgery (Money’s recommendation). Reimer had a twin brother, which Money used as a case subject for a psychology study on gender. During his psychiatric visits with the twins, as a part of the research, the twins were directed to engage in behavior resembling sexual intercourse. Reimer recounted anger and verbal abuse if they refused to do so.

From Brenda to David Reimer claimed that despite receiving female hormones, dressing as a female, and having his interests directed to typically female norms, he always felt like a boy. At the age of 15, he was told the truth about his birth and what followed. Reimer decided to take control over his own life, received testosterone therapy, assumed his male identity, and took the name David. He suffered severe depression and committed suicide in 2004 at age 38. His twin brother had developed schizophrenia and died from intentional overdose in 2002.

SUCCESS OR FAILURE?

Aftermath… Foundation of gender fluidity, multiple genders 80 s, 90 s Judith Butler – bases her hypothesis of multiple genders on the twin study 2019 63+ genders

Resources https: //www. goodtherapy. org/famous-psychologists/john-money. html https: //www. nytimes. com/2006/07/11/us/11 money. html https: //www. theguardian. com/society/2004/jul/30/health. mentalhealth https: //grammarist. com/usage/gender-sex/ https: //vcresearch. berkeley. edu/faculty/judith-butler https: //www. lifesitenews. com/news/jordan-peterson-gender-theory-has-become-unquestionabledoctrine-thats-comp